Conceitos Básicos
IBM Quantum has led significant advancements in quantum hardware, scaling from 5-qubit Canary processors to the record-breaking 1,121-qubit Condor, pushing the boundaries of practical quantum computing.
Resumo
This article explores the evolution and performance of IBM's quantum computing hardware, tracing the progression from early 5-qubit Canary processors to the latest 1,121-qubit Condor chip.
The Canary family marked the initial steps, with the r1 design featuring 5 qubits and the r1.1 expanding to 16 qubits. The Falcon family then introduced medium-scale circuits with a quantum volume of 128, serving as a testbed for performance enhancements.
Subsequent generations saw the introduction of the Egret (33 qubits, QV 512), Hummingbird (65 qubits, QV 128), and Eagle (127 qubits, QV 128) processors, each pushing the boundaries of qubit count and coherence. The Osprey processor then set a new benchmark with 433 qubits.
The latest breakthrough is the Condor processor, featuring an unprecedented 1,121 superconducting qubits. This represents a 50% increase in qubit density compared to previous designs, enabled by advancements in chip fabrication and packaging. Alongside Condor, IBM also introduced the Heron processor, which delivers a 3-5x improvement in device performance over the Eagle series.
The article provides detailed performance metrics for 15 of IBM's current quantum systems, including coherence times, qubit frequencies, readout errors, and gate fidelities. This data serves as a valuable historical record of the NISQ era in quantum computing.
The progression of IBM's quantum hardware, from the early Canary to the record-breaking Condor, demonstrates the company's relentless pursuit of scaling and improving quantum computing capabilities. These advancements pave the way for practical quantum applications in fields such as computational chemistry, optimization, cryptography, and machine learning.
Estatísticas
The number of classical bits required to represent a single state on the IBM Osprey processor exceeds the total number of atoms in the observable universe.
IBM Quantum's quantum computers have collectively executed over 3 trillion circuits as of February 2024.
The median two-qubit gate error across all accessible Eagle processors from July 20 to September 20, 2023 did not exceed 0.001.
Citações
"IBM Quantum has led significant advancements in both hardware and software, providing access to quantum hardware via IBM Cloud® since 2016, achieving a milestone with the world's first accessible quantum computer."
"Condor sets new standards in chip design, featuring a 50% increase in qubit density, enhancements in qubit fabrication and laminate size, and over a mile of high-density cryogenic flex I/O wiring within a single dilution refrigerator."
"With performance comparable to its predecessor, the 433-qubit Osprey, Condor signifies a significant milestone in quantum computing innovation. It effectively tackles scalability challenges while offering valuable insights for future hardware designs."