This paper presents a formal definition of autonomous supply chains (ASCs) and describes their defining characteristics. It introduces a five-layer conceptual model, called the MIISI model, for constructing ASC systems. The model comprises the following layers: Instrumentation, Standardisation, Interconnection, Integration, and Manifestation.
The paper also introduces a seven-level supply chain autonomy reference model, called the Supply Chain Autonomy Levels (SCALs), which delineates a trajectory towards achieving full supply chain autonomy. The SCAL model ranges from Level 0 (fully manual) to Level 6 (fully autonomous), with the lower levels focused on automation and the higher levels on autonomisation.
The authors use a case study on the meat supply chain to demonstrate an initial ASC implementation based on the MIISI conceptual model. This work aims to stimulate further research, both theoretical and technical, and contribute to the continual evolution of ASCs.
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