תובנה - Genetics - # Telomere Maintenance in Yeast

Impact of Subtelomeric Repeat Deletion on Telomere Functions in Yeast

Q: How do X-elements contribute to telomere elongation compared to Y'-elements?

In the study conducted on Saccharomyces cerevisiae, it was found that X-elements and Y’-elements play different roles in telomere elongation. The X-elements were shown to be more efficient in promoting telomere elongation compared to Y’-elements. This was observed in strains where only X-elements were present at the telomeres, leading to more efficient telomere lengthening when compared to strains with both X- and Y’-elements. Additionally, the presence of multiple copies of X-elements facilitated homology sequences for repairing telomeres, resulting in Type X survivors with linear chromosomes terminating in TG1-3 repeats.

Q: What implications do these findings have for understanding genome evolution?

The findings from this study have significant implications for understanding genome evolution. The non-essential role of subtelomeric X-and Y’-elements in regulating telomeres suggests that these elements may represent remnants of S. cerevisiae genome evolution. The high evolutionary plasticity observed in subtelomeric regions, as well as their rich variety of structural variants such as reciprocal translocations and novel insertions, indicate a dynamic process shaping the yeast genome over time. Understanding the dispensability of these elements sheds light on how genomes evolve and adapt over generations.

Q: How might the absence of subtelormic repeats impact other cellular processes?

The absence of subtelormic repeats can impact various cellular processes beyond just telomere maintenance. These repetitive sequences are known to modulate transcriptional silencing near chromosome ends and influence gene expression patterns through position effects on neighboring genes (Aparicio et al., 1991). Therefore, their deletion could potentially alter gene regulation mechanisms near chromosomal ends. Moreover, since some studies suggest that subtelormic elements like Y' serve as substrates for homologous recombination-mediated DNA repair pathways (Churikov et al., 2014), their absence could affect DNA damage response mechanisms within cells. Additionally, considering that these elements interact with factors involved in anchoring telomeres at nuclear envelopes (Hediger et al., 2006), their elimination may disrupt proper nuclear organization or localization processes within cells. Overall, the absence of subtelormic repeats could have broad-ranging impacts on genomic stability, gene regulation dynamics, DNA repair pathways, and nuclear architecture within eukaryotic cells.

מושגי ליבה

Subtelomeric X- and Y’-elements are non-essential for telomere regulation and maintenance in yeast.

תקציר

The study investigates the impact of deleting subtelomeric repeat sequences on telomere functions in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. It explores the role of X- and Y’-elements in telomere maintenance using various yeast strains. The findings suggest that these elements are not crucial for telomere length control, silencing, or survivor formation. Instead, they may represent remnants of genome evolution.

Abstract:

Telomeres play a vital role in genome stability.
Study focuses on subtelomeric repetitive sequences X and Y’.
Deletion of these elements does not affect telomere length or silencing.

Introduction:

Telomeres maintain genomic stability by protecting chromosome ends.
Subtelomeric X and Y’ elements vary between telomeres.

Data Extraction:

"Inactivation of telomerase in SY12YΔ, SY12XYΔ+Y, and SY12XYΔ cells resulted in cellular senescence."

Results:

Telomerase-null survivors categorized as Type I, Type II, circular, Type X, or uncharacterized.

Further Questions:

How do X-elements contribute to telomere elongation compared to Y’-elements?
What implications do these findings have for understanding genome evolution?
How might the absence of subtelomeric repeats impact other cellular processes?

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biorxiv.org

סטטיסטיקה

"Inactivation of telomerase in SY12YΔ, SY12XYΔ+Y, and SY12XYΔ cells resulted in cellular senescence."

ציטוטים

"Deletion of these elements does not affect telomere length or silencing."

תובנות מפתח מזוקקות מ:

Elimination of subtelomeric repeat sequences exerts little effect on telomere essential functions in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

by Hu,C., Zhu,X... ב- www.biorxiv.org 08-31-2023

https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.08.29.555450v3

שאלות מעמיקות

How do X-elements contribute to telomere elongation compared to Y'-elements?

In the study conducted on Saccharomyces cerevisiae, it was found that X-elements and Y’-elements play different roles in telomere elongation. The X-elements were shown to be more efficient in promoting telomere elongation compared to Y’-elements. This was observed in strains where only X-elements were present at the telomeres, leading to more efficient telomere lengthening when compared to strains with both X- and Y’-elements. Additionally, the presence of multiple copies of X-elements facilitated homology sequences for repairing telomeres, resulting in Type X survivors with linear chromosomes terminating in TG1-3 repeats.

What implications do these findings have for understanding genome evolution?

The findings from this study have significant implications for understanding genome evolution. The non-essential role of subtelomeric X-and Y’-elements in regulating telomeres suggests that these elements may represent remnants of S. cerevisiae genome evolution. The high evolutionary plasticity observed in subtelomeric regions, as well as their rich variety of structural variants such as reciprocal translocations and novel insertions, indicate a dynamic process shaping the yeast genome over time. Understanding the dispensability of these elements sheds light on how genomes evolve and adapt over generations.

How might the absence of subtelormic repeats impact other cellular processes?

The absence of subtelormic repeats can impact various cellular processes beyond just telomere maintenance. These repetitive sequences are known to modulate transcriptional silencing near chromosome ends and influence gene expression patterns through position effects on neighboring genes (Aparicio et al., 1991). Therefore, their deletion could potentially alter gene regulation mechanisms near chromosomal ends.
Moreover, since some studies suggest that subtelormic elements like Y' serve as substrates for homologous recombination-mediated DNA repair pathways (Churikov et al., 2014), their absence could affect DNA damage response mechanisms within cells.
Additionally, considering that these elements interact with factors involved in anchoring telomeres at nuclear envelopes (Hediger et al., 2006), their elimination may disrupt proper nuclear organization or localization processes within cells.
Overall, the absence of subtelormic repeats could have broad-ranging impacts on genomic stability, gene regulation dynamics, DNA repair pathways, and nuclear architecture within eukaryotic cells.