Diverse fox circovirus (Circovirus canine) variants circulate at high prevalence in grey wolves (Canis lupus) in the Northwest Territories of Canada
Alapfogalmak
Grey wolves in the Northwest Territories of Canada harbor a high prevalence and diversity of fox circovirus, a lineage of canine circovirus, suggesting they are reservoir hosts for these viruses.
Kivonat
This study investigated the molecular epidemiology of canine circovirus (CanineCV) in 159 grey wolves from the Northwest Territories, Canada. Key findings:
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Overall, 72 out of 159 (45.3%) wolves tested positive for CanineCV. Prevalence was similar across sex, age, years, and locations.
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CanineCV infection was not associated with poor body condition in the wolves.
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However, CanineCV infection was associated with a significantly higher rate of co-infection with canine parvoviruses. CanineCV infection increased the risk of acquiring canine parvovirus 2 (CPV-2) by 7.5-fold and canine bufavirus (CBuV) by 2.4-fold. This suggests CanineCV may facilitate parvoviral super-infections.
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Sequencing revealed high CanineCV genetic diversity, with 87.5% of the 69 sequenced strains classified as fox circoviruses, a distinct lineage within the CanineCV species.
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Phylogenetic analysis of all available fox circovirus genomes showed four major lineages, each containing strains from this study. Viruses segregated geographically rather than by host species, indicating co-existence of multiple endemic lineages.
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The high prevalence and diversity of fox circoviruses in wolves suggest they are reservoir hosts for these viruses. The lack of detection in dogs may be due to environmental factors limiting transmission to domestic dogs.
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Further studies on sympatric wild species and additional locations are needed to explore the existence of other maintenance hosts and the reasons behind the differences in cross-species transmission dynamics among CanineCV lineages.
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biorxiv.org
Diverse fox circovirus (Circovirus canine) variants circulate at high prevalence in grey wolves (Canis lupus) from the Northwest Territories, Canada
Statisztikák
The percentage of parvovirus-positive animals was significantly higher in the group of CanineCV-positive animals (63/72, 87.5%) compared to the CanineCV-negative animals (42/87, 48.3%, χ2 = 27.025, p < 0.001).
CanineCV infection was associated with a more than seven-fold increase in the risk of acquiring CPV-2 infection (non-adjusted OR: 7.5 (3.6-15.7); adjusted OR: 7.7 (3.5-16.9)) and with a more than two-fold increase in acquiring CBuV infection (non-adjusted OR: 2.4 (1.2-4.5); adjusted OR: 2.8 (1.3-5.8)).
Idézetek
"CanineCV infection was associated with a more than seven-fold increase in the risk of acquiring CPV-2 infection (non-adjusted OR: 7.5 (3.6-15.7); adjusted OR: 7.7 (3.5-16.9)) and with a more than two-fold increase in acquiring CBuV infection (non-adjusted OR: 2.4 (1.2-4.5); adjusted OR: 2.8 (1.3-5.8))."
"Given the high prevalence and the high diversity of fox circoviruses in wolves, their role as reservoir hosts for this virus can be stated, and a long-lasting virus-host association can be hypothesized."
Mélyebb kérdések
What other wild carnivore species in the region may serve as additional reservoir hosts for fox circoviruses?
In the region where fox circoviruses have been identified in wild canids, other wild carnivore species that may serve as additional reservoir hosts include red foxes, badgers, and jackals. These species have been previously found to harbor CanineCV strains, indicating the potential for cross-species transmission among sympatric wild carnivores. Further investigations involving these species could provide more insights into the circulation and transmission dynamics of fox circoviruses in the wild carnivore community.
Could the lack of detection of fox circoviruses in domestic dogs be due to differences in susceptibility or environmental factors limiting transmission from wild to domestic canids?
The lack of detection of fox circoviruses in domestic dogs could be attributed to a combination of factors, including differences in susceptibility between wild and domestic canids and environmental factors that limit transmission. It is possible that domestic dogs have a lower susceptibility to fox circoviruses compared to wild canids, which may explain why these viruses have not been identified in dogs. Additionally, environmental circumstances, such as limited contact between domestic and wild canids, could play a role in preventing the spread of fox circoviruses to dogs. Further research is needed to fully understand the reasons behind the absence of fox circoviruses in domestic dogs.
How might the high diversity and geographic segregation of fox circoviral strains inform our understanding of the evolutionary history and long-term co-evolution of these viruses with their wild canid hosts?
The high diversity and geographic segregation of fox circoviral strains provide valuable insights into the evolutionary history and long-term co-evolution of these viruses with their wild canid hosts. The presence of multiple distinct lineages and clades of fox circoviruses, each associated with specific geographic locations, suggests a complex evolutionary pattern shaped by local adaptation and viral diversification. The segregation of strains by location indicates limited viral movement between different regions, highlighting the importance of local transmission dynamics in shaping the genetic diversity of these viruses. Understanding the evolutionary relationships and distribution patterns of fox circoviral strains can help elucidate the historical interactions between the viruses and their wild canid hosts, shedding light on the long-term co-evolutionary processes that have influenced the genetic diversity and epidemiology of these viruses in wild carnivore populations.
