This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the use of infrasound sensing for the detection and analysis of bolides. It covers the key considerations and challenges associated with this process, and presents a unified framework to advance infrasound processing approaches tailored specifically for the study of bolides.
The paper starts by discussing the different modes of shock production by bolides, including hypersonic passage through the atmosphere and fragmentation. It then explores the considerations in short-range and long-range detections of bolides using infrasound, highlighting the impact of the trajectory length and geometry on signal detectability and interpretability.
The energy deposition by bolides and its relationship to the infrasound signal characteristics are then discussed, including the use of empirical energy relationships. The paper also covers the fundamentals of infrasound sensing, including the design of infrasound sensors and stations, as well as the effects of atmospheric propagation on the infrasound signals.
Three representative case studies are presented to demonstrate the practical application of infrasound processing methodologies and deriving source parameters, while exploring the challenges associated with bolide-generated infrasound. These case studies include a regional event in Southwestern Ontario, Canada, the Greenland bolide, and the energetic Indonesian bolide.
The methodology section outlines the steps involved in the detection and analysis of bolide infrasound signals, including signal detection, waveform processing, and propagation modeling. The case study analyses highlight the effectiveness of infrasound in determining source parameters, such as shock altitude, as well as the interpretative challenges, such as variations in signal period measurements across different studies.
The paper concludes by emphasizing the need for future research to focus on improving geolocation and yield accuracy through rigorous and systematic analyses of large, statistically significant samples of bolide events. This would help resolve interpretative inconsistencies and explore the causes for variability in signal periods and back azimuths.
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by Elizabeth A.... at arxiv.org 10-01-2024
https://arxiv.org/pdf/2409.19537.pdfDeeper Inquiries