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More on the Ideal Version of the Bounding Number and its Relationship with the Dominating Number


Core Concepts
This research paper explores the properties of the bounding number, b(I), for different ideals I in set theory, particularly focusing on its relationship with the dominating number, d, and demonstrating that b(I) can be consistently greater than d for certain ideals.
Abstract
  • Bibliographic Information: Kwela, A. (2024). More on yet another ideal version of the bounding number. arXiv preprint arXiv:2406.15949v2.
  • Research Objective: This paper investigates the characteristics of the bounding number, b(I), for various ideals I, focusing on its connection to the dominating number, d. The study aims to determine if b(I) can exceed d for specific ideals.
  • Methodology: The paper employs a combinatorial set-theoretic approach, utilizing established concepts like the Katětov order and ideal constructions to analyze the properties of b(I) for different ideal classes, including analytic ideals and those with topological representations.
  • Key Findings: The research demonstrates that b(I) can consistently be larger than d, contradicting previous assumptions. Specifically, it proves that if d < cf(c) ≤ u = c = cd, an ideal I exists where b(I) > d. This finding is significant as it challenges the expected relationship between these cardinal characteristics.
  • Main Conclusions: The paper concludes that the relationship between b(I) and d is more complex than previously understood. While b(I) is always less than or equal to d for analytic ideals, it can surpass d for certain other ideals under specific consistency conditions.
  • Significance: This research significantly contributes to the field of set theory, particularly the study of cardinal invariants. It provides new insights into the behavior of the bounding number and its relationship with other cardinal characteristics, opening avenues for further investigation.
  • Limitations and Future Research: The paper primarily focuses on specific ideal classes. Further research could explore the behavior of b(I) for a wider range of ideals and under different set-theoretic assumptions. Investigating the implications of b(I) > d on other areas of set theory and related fields is another promising direction.
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by Adam Kwela at arxiv.org 10-10-2024

https://arxiv.org/pdf/2406.15949.pdf
More on yet another ideal version of the bounding number

Deeper Inquiries

What are the implications of the existence of an ideal I with b(I) > d for other areas of set theory, such as forcing or the study of cardinal characteristics of the continuum?

The existence of an ideal I with b(I) > d has several interesting implications for set theory: New Forcing Notions: It motivates the search for forcing notions that can specifically manipulate the value of b(I) for certain ideals while controlling or even increasing the dominating number d. This could lead to a finer understanding of the interactions between these cardinals and potentially uncover new forcing axioms. Refining the Cichon's Diagram: The result adds a new layer of complexity to our understanding of cardinal characteristics of the continuum. It shows that b(I) for arbitrary ideals cannot be neatly placed within the traditional hierarchy of Cichon's diagram, where d plays a significant role. This calls for a reevaluation and potential expansion of the diagram to accommodate these new relationships. Exploring the Structure of Ideals: It highlights the diversity and richness of the structure of ideals on ω. The fact that b(I) can be independent of d for some ideals suggests a deeper classification of ideals based on the behavior of their associated bounding numbers. This could involve investigating properties like filter-related characteristics, Tukey reducibility between ideals, or their descriptive set-theoretic complexity.

Could there be a characterization of the ideals for which b(I) is always less than or equal to d, beyond the class of analytic ideals?

While the paper establishes that b(I) ≤ d for all analytic ideals I, finding a complete characterization of ideals satisfying this property beyond analyticity is an open and challenging question. Here are some potential avenues for exploration: Generalizing the Combinatorial Arguments: The proof for analytic ideals relies heavily on their definability properties. Investigating whether the combinatorial core of these arguments can be abstracted and applied to a broader class of ideals, perhaps those satisfying certain closure properties under projections or countable unions, could be fruitful. Connections to Other Cardinal Invariants: Exploring potential relationships between b(I) and other cardinal characteristics, like the splitting number s or the reaping number r, might offer insights. For instance, are there any implications between the inequalities b(I) ≤ d, b(I) ≤ s, or b(I) ≤ r? Descriptive Set-Theoretic Perspective: Analyzing the complexity of the set of ideals satisfying b(I) ≤ d in the space of all ideals on ω could be insightful. Determining whether this set is Borel, analytic, or beyond in the standard Borel hierarchy of subsets of P(P(ω)) might provide clues about the nature of such ideals.

How does the concept of the bounding number relate to other areas of mathematics where the interplay between "boundedness" and "dominance" is crucial, such as analysis or topology?

The concept of the bounding number, capturing the interplay between "boundedness" and "dominance," has intriguing connections to other areas of mathematics: Analysis: In functional analysis, the bounding number has connections to the theory of Banach spaces. For example, the bounding number of a Banach space X, denoted by b(X), is the smallest cardinality of a subset A of the dual space X'* such that no element of X is bounded on A. This notion relates to various geometric and topological properties of the Banach space. Topology: In general topology, the concept of a dominating family of functions finds parallels in the study of covering properties. For instance, a space is said to have the Menger property if for every sequence of open covers, there exists a sequence of finite subcovers whose union is still a cover. This property can be seen as a topological analogue of the statement "no single function dominates all others." Measure Theory: The study of ideal convergence of functions and sequences in measure theory often involves notions of "boundedness" and "dominance" relative to a given ideal. The bounding number of an ideal can provide information about the minimal size of families of functions that exhibit certain convergence or divergence properties with respect to that ideal. Overall, the bounding number and its generalizations provide a bridge between set-theoretic principles and analytical or topological properties. Further exploration of these connections could lead to a deeper understanding of the interplay between these areas.
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