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An Extension Formula for Right Bol Loops: Constructing New Loops from Existing Ones with Reflections


Core Concepts
This paper introduces a new method for constructing right Bol loops, a type of algebraic structure, by extending existing ones using a concept called Bol reflections.
Abstract

Bibliographic Information:

Galici, M., & Nagy, G. P. (2024). AN EXTENSION FORMULA FOR RIGHT BOL LOOPS ARISING FROM BOL REFLECTIONS. arXiv preprint arXiv:2410.09977v1.

Research Objective:

This paper investigates a new extension formula for right Bol loops, aiming to determine the conditions under which the extension also results in a right Bol loop.

Methodology:

The authors utilize tools from both geometric and group theory. They leverage the concept of Bol reflections within the framework of 3-nets associated with loops. Additionally, they employ Aschbacher's Bol loop folder method, which connects loop structures to group-theoretic data.

Key Findings:

  • The extension of a right Bol loop L using the proposed formula yields a right Bol loop if and only if L is right conjugacy closed and all its squares are central.
  • The extension is Moufang or associative if and only if the original loop L is an abelian group.
  • The right nucleus of the extended loop has a clear structure, while the left nucleus exhibits more complex behavior depending on the properties of L.
  • The core of the extended loop can be decomposed into two sub-quandles, both isomorphic to the core of the original loop L.

Main Conclusions:

The paper provides a novel construction method for right Bol loops, expanding the understanding of these algebraic structures. The authors establish necessary and sufficient conditions for the extension to inherit the right Bol property and explore the properties of the resulting loop, including its nuclei, center, and core.

Significance:

This research contributes to the field of loop theory by introducing a new extension formula and analyzing its properties. The findings provide insights into the structure and behavior of right Bol loops, potentially leading to the discovery of new classes and applications of these algebraic structures.

Limitations and Future Research:

The paper focuses on a specific extension formula for right Bol loops. Further research could explore other potential extension methods and their properties. Additionally, investigating the applications of these extended loops in areas such as cryptography and coding theory could be fruitful.

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Stats
Of the 2038 proper Bol loops of order 16, 1940 satisfy the conditions of Theorem 1.1. There are 14 cases where the left nucleus of the corresponding extended loop has the largest intersection possible with V.
Quotes

Deeper Inquiries

How does this new extension method compare to other known methods for constructing right Bol loops in terms of complexity and the properties of the resulting loops?

This new extension method, which constructs a right Bol loop eL of order 2|L| from a right Bol loop L with central squares, presents both advantages and disadvantages compared to other known methods: Complexity: Advantages: Conceptual simplicity: The method is relatively straightforward, relying on the easily understandable concept of Bol reflections within the context of 3-nets associated with right Bol loops. Computational efficiency: The operations in the extended loop eL are directly defined by the operations in the original loop L, making computations in eL relatively efficient. Disadvantages: Limited applicability: The method only applies to right Bol loops where all squares are central, a condition not satisfied by all right Bol loops. This restricts its use compared to more general constructions. Properties of resulting loops: Advantages: Preservation of structure: The core of the extended loop eL is shown to be the disjoint union of two copies of the core of the original loop L. This provides valuable insights into the structure of the core and its relationship with the original loop. Connections to other structures: The method highlights interesting connections between right Bol loops, involutory quandles, and their structure groups, potentially opening avenues for further research in these areas. Disadvantages: Limited control over properties: The method doesn't offer fine-grained control over specific properties of the resulting loop eL. For instance, it's not immediately clear how to ensure the extended loop possesses particular properties like being Moufang or having a specific nucleus structure beyond the provided conditions. Comparison to other methods: Direct product: While simpler, direct products always result in loops with a trivial center, unlike this method. Other extensions: Methods like classical extensions or holomorphy-based constructions offer more generality but often lack the clear geometric intuition and connections to quandles provided by this new method. In summary, this new extension method provides a valuable tool for constructing right Bol loops with a strong geometric flavor. Its simplicity and connections to other algebraic structures make it a promising area for further investigation, even with its limitations in applicability and control over specific loop properties.

Could there be specific classes of right Bol loops where this extension method fails to produce new loops, and if so, what characterizes these classes?

Yes, there are specific classes of right Bol loops where this extension method fails to produce new loops. The most obvious class is: Right Bol loops of exponent 2: In this case, the extension eL is isomorphic to the direct product L x C2, where C2 is the cyclic group of order 2. This means the method doesn't generate a fundamentally new loop structure. Beyond this, the method's applicability hinges on the condition that all squares in the original loop L must be central. This condition is not universally true for right Bol loops. Therefore, the method fails to produce new loops for: Right Bol loops with non-central squares: This encompasses a large class of right Bol loops. For instance, no proper Bol loops of order 12 or 15 have all squares in the center, rendering the extension method inapplicable in these cases. Characterizing the precise classes where the method fails beyond these broad categories requires further investigation. However, some potential directions for identifying such classes include: Examining the structure of the right multiplication group: The condition of central squares might be reflected in specific properties or structures within the right multiplication group of the loop. Analyzing the core of the loop: The core, being an involutory quandle, might hold clues about the centrality of squares in the original loop. Investigating the relationship between the core's structure and the applicability of the extension method could be fruitful. Exploring connections with other loop properties: Investigating whether properties like the automorphic inverse property (AIP) or specific nucleus structures influence the centrality of squares and, consequently, the extension method's applicability could provide further insights.

Can the insights gained from the structure of the core in these extended loops be applied to develop new knot invariants or shed light on the relationship between quandles and other algebraic structures?

The insights gained from the structure of the core in these extended loops hold promising potential for both developing new knot invariants and deepening our understanding of the relationship between quandles and other algebraic structures. Knot Invariants: New quandle constructions: The core of the extended loop eL being a disjoint union of two copies of the core of L offers a new way to construct involutory quandles. These new quandles, arising from the specific structure of right Bol loops with central squares, could lead to the development of new knot invariants. Exploiting the restricted structure group: The paper introduces the restricted structure group, a potentially powerful tool for studying quandles. Investigating the properties of this group, particularly for the cores of extended loops, could reveal new connections between quandle structures and knot invariants. Combining loop and quandle information: The interplay between the right Bol loop L, its core, and the extended loop eL provides a rich source of algebraic information. Combining these different perspectives could lead to innovative approaches for constructing knot invariants that capture both loop and quandle properties. Relationships between quandles and other structures: Quandle envelopes and Bol loop extensions: The extension method establishes a concrete link between Bol loop extensions and specific involutory quandles. Further exploration of this link could provide insights into the more general theory of quandle envelopes and their connections with loop structures. Structure groups and loop properties: The restricted structure group, being connected to both the core and the collineation group of the loop, provides a bridge between quandle theory and the study of loop properties. Investigating how specific loop properties are reflected in the structure group could deepen our understanding of the interplay between these structures. Generalizing the construction: Exploring whether similar core structures arise from other loop extension methods or for loops satisfying different conditions could reveal broader connections between quandles and loop theory. In conclusion, the insights into the core structure of these extended right Bol loops offer a fertile ground for further research. By leveraging these insights, we can explore new avenues for developing knot invariants and unravel deeper connections between quandles and other algebraic structures, enriching our understanding of both fields.
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