Efficient Microcanonical Population Annealing Algorithm for Analyzing the Blume-Capel Model with Second-Order and First-Order Phase Transitions

The authors present a modified microcanonical population annealing algorithm to efficiently estimate the density of states and analyze the thermodynamic properties of the two-dimensional Blume-Capel model, which exhibits both second-order and first-order phase transitions as well as a tricritical point.