Grunnleggende konsepter
2次元𝑈(𝑁𝑐)ゲージ理論におけるトポロジカルな性質、特にインスタントン様解の構造と、均一な作用密度を持つ「特殊配置」の役割について解説する。
Statistikk
𝛽→∞の極限では、𝑠wil/𝑔2 →1/2 および 𝜒top/𝑔2 →0.02533 = 1/(2𝜋)2 となる。
𝑁𝑐= 2の場合、インスタントン配置は、𝑞が奇数の場合は®𝑢⊥®𝑣および|®𝑢| = |®𝑣| = 𝜋/2を満たし、𝑞が偶数の場合は®𝑢∥®𝑣を満たす補助ベクトル®𝑢, ®𝑣∈R3を用いて表現される。
Sitater
"In two dimensions, 𝑈(𝑁𝑐) gauge theories exhibit a non-trivial topological structure, while 𝑆𝑈(𝑁𝑐) theories are topologically trivial."
"For each 𝑞 one can find a field configuration that minimizes the gauge action, which is called an instanton."
"Hence, between these sectors, there are action barriers. As they diverge with vanishing lattice spacing 𝑎, an algorithmic problem known as “topological freezing” arises, which affects both 2D 𝑈(𝑁𝑐) as well as 4D 𝑆𝑈(𝑁𝑐) gauge theory."