Development of ChitroJera: A Culturally Relevant Visual Question Answering Dataset for the Bangla Language

Główne pojęcia

This paper introduces ChitroJera, a new large-scale, culturally relevant visual question answering (VQA) dataset for the Bangla language, addressing the lack of such resources and enabling the development of more effective VQA models for this under-resourced language.

Streszczenie

Bibliographic Information:

Dutta Barua, D., Sourove, M.S.U.R., Ishmam, M.F., Haider, F., Shifat, F.T., Fahim, M., & Alam, M.F. (Year). ChitroJera: A Regionally Relevant Visual Question Answering Dataset for Bangla.

Research Objective:

This research paper introduces a new visual question answering (VQA) dataset for the Bangla language called ChitroJera. The authors aim to address the lack of substantial and culturally relevant VQA datasets for Bangla, a low-resource language with a significant number of speakers.

Methodology:

The researchers collected image-caption pairs from existing Bangla datasets (BanglaLekhaImageCaptions, Bornon, and BNATURE) ensuring regional relevance. After preprocessing and caption selection, they used OpenAI GPT-4 Turbo to generate question-answer pairs based on the images and captions. Linguistic experts then validated and corrected the generated QA pairs. The dataset was split into training, validation, and test sets (80:10:10), with a maximum of two questions per image to ensure diversity.

Key Findings:

• Existing Bangla VQA datasets are limited in size, cultural relevance, and question complexity.
• ChitroJera comprises over 15k samples, utilizing diverse and locally relevant images and text.
• GPT-4 Turbo effectively generated complex and diverse questions, outperforming other LLMs.
• Pretrained dual-encoder models, specifically BanglaBERT for text and ViT/BEiT for images, showed promising results, outperforming unimodal models and English-trained VLMs.
• GPT-4 Turbo achieved the best overall performance, highlighting the potential of LLMs in VQA.
• The inclusion of captions significantly improved the performance of both dual-encoder and LLM models, indicating a textual bias in VQA models.

Main Conclusions:

The authors successfully developed ChitroJera, a large-scale, culturally relevant VQA dataset for Bangla, addressing a significant gap in resources for this language. Their experiments demonstrate the potential of dual-encoder models and the superior performance of LLMs, particularly GPT-4 Turbo, in Bangla VQA tasks. The study emphasizes the importance of culturally relevant datasets and the need for further research in Bangla VQA.

Significance:

This research significantly contributes to the field of VQA by providing a valuable resource for developing and evaluating VQA models for Bangla. It paves the way for future research in Bangla NLP and computer vision, potentially leading to applications like visual assistance for the visually impaired and enhanced accessibility for Bangla speakers.

Limitations and Future Research:

The study acknowledges the limited size of the pretraining dataset for dual-encoder models and suggests exploring larger datasets for improved performance. Future research could focus on developing more sophisticated fusion techniques for dual-encoder models and investigating the textual bias observed in VQA models. Additionally, exploring other VQA tasks beyond simple question answering could further advance the field.

Statystyki

Bangla is spoken by around 278 million speakers.
ChitroJera dataset comprises over 15k images and questions.
The dataset was split into training, validation, and test sets with a ratio of 80:10:10.
The number of unique questions in the dataset is less than the total number, with some questions repeated across different images.
The ratio of unique questions to unique answers is approximately 2.4.
The questions generated by GPT-4 Turbo range from a minimum of 3 words to a maximum of 17 words, with a mean of 6 words.
The dataset includes 11 wh-question words in Bangla.
Answers are mostly single-word answers, with some being single-character answers involving Bangla numerals.
The answers are classified into 17 categories.
The dual-encoder models showed an accuracy improvement of approximately 2-3% on both the validation and test datasets with pretraining.
The best-performing dual-encoder model achieved a validation accuracy of 21.84% and a test accuracy of 21.61%.
GPT-4 Turbo achieved the best overall performance with a validation accuracy of 63.96% and a test accuracy of 67.55%.
The inclusion of captions in the prompt improved the accuracy of GPT models by approximately 25-30%.

Cytaty

Kluczowe wnioski z

ChitroJera: A Regionally Relevant Visual Question Answering Dataset for Bangla

by Deeparghya D... o arxiv.org 10-22-2024

https://arxiv.org/pdf/2410.14991.pdf

Głębsze pytania

How can the development of ChitroJera and similar datasets contribute to bridging the digital divide for speakers of low-resource languages?

Answer:
The development of ChitroJera, a large-scale Bangla VQA dataset, and similar datasets can significantly contribute to bridging the digital divide for speakers of low-resource languages in several ways:

Increased Representation: ChitroJera, with its focus on Bangla and regional relevance, provides a much-needed resource for training and evaluating VQA models specifically for this language. This increased representation helps address the historical bias towards high-resource languages like English in AI research and development.
Improved Accessibility: By enabling the development of more accurate and culturally relevant VQA systems for Bangla, ChitroJera paves the way for more accessible technology for Bangla speakers. This includes applications like image-based search engines, assistive technologies for the visually impaired, and educational tools, all tailored to their linguistic and cultural context.
Fostering Innovation: The availability of datasets like ChitroJera encourages further research and development in low-resource language technologies. This can lead to the creation of new AI applications and services that cater specifically to the needs of these communities, fostering local innovation and economic growth.
Preserving Cultural Heritage: ChitroJera's focus on regional relevance ensures that the dataset reflects the cultural nuances of the Bangla-speaking community. This not only improves the accuracy of AI models but also contributes to the documentation and preservation of cultural knowledge and practices.
By addressing the lack of resources and promoting inclusivity in AI, ChitroJera and similar initiatives can empower speakers of low-resource languages and bridge the digital divide, fostering a more equitable and accessible technological landscape.

Could the textual bias observed in VQA models be mitigated by incorporating mechanisms that force the model to prioritize visual information over textual cues?

Answer:
The textual bias observed in VQA models, where models rely heavily on textual cues rather than visual information, is a significant challenge. While forcing models to prioritize visual information might seem like a solution, it's not straightforward and requires a nuanced approach. Here's why:

Interplay of Modalities: VQA inherently involves understanding the interplay between text and vision. Simply forcing one modality over the other can be detrimental, as some questions heavily rely on context provided in the text, while others require detailed visual analysis.
Overfitting to Specific Cues: If models are forced to prioritize visual information, they might start overfitting to specific visual features or patterns that are not generalizable, leading to poor performance on unseen data.
Instead of forcing prioritization, a more effective approach involves encouraging a balanced and robust understanding of both modalities. Here are some potential mechanisms:

Attention-Based Mechanisms: Employing attention mechanisms can help models learn to focus on relevant parts of both the image and the question, allowing for a more dynamic and context-aware understanding.
Multimodal Fusion Techniques: Exploring advanced multimodal fusion techniques that effectively combine textual and visual features can lead to a more comprehensive representation of the input, reducing bias towards a single modality.
Training Objectives and Data Augmentation: Designing training objectives that explicitly penalize textual bias and incorporating data augmentation techniques that create challenging examples where visual information is crucial can encourage models to rely on both modalities.
Ultimately, mitigating textual bias requires a multifaceted approach that focuses on developing models capable of effectively integrating and reasoning over both textual and visual information, rather than simply prioritizing one over the other.

What are the ethical implications of using AI-generated datasets like ChitroJera, and how can we ensure fairness and mitigate potential biases in these datasets?

Answer:
While AI-generated datasets like ChitroJera offer numerous benefits, their use also raises ethical implications, particularly concerning fairness and bias. Here's a breakdown:
Potential Biases:

Source Data Bias: Even with careful prompting, AI models like GPT-4 Turbo are trained on massive datasets that can contain societal biases. These biases can seep into the generated questions and answers, perpetuating stereotypes or under-representing certain demographics.
Cultural Representation: Despite efforts to ensure regional relevance, AI models might not fully grasp the nuances of a culture, potentially leading to misinterpretations or culturally insensitive content in the dataset.
Limited World Knowledge: AI models, while advanced, still have limitations in their understanding of the real world. This can result in unrealistic scenarios or questions that lack common sense, impacting the dataset's quality and generalizability.
Ensuring Fairness and Mitigating Bias:

Diverse Data Sources: Utilizing diverse and representative data sources for both training the AI model and generating the dataset can help minimize bias from the outset.
Human-in-the-Loop Validation: Incorporating a robust human-in-the-loop validation process, involving experts from diverse backgrounds, is crucial to identify and correct biases, ensuring cultural sensitivity and accuracy.
Bias Detection Tools: Leveraging existing bias detection tools and developing new ones specifically for VQA datasets can help identify and quantify potential biases, allowing for targeted mitigation strategies.
Transparency and Openness: Promoting transparency by openly sharing the dataset creation methodology, limitations, and potential biases allows the community to scrutinize and contribute to improving fairness.
Addressing ethical implications requires a proactive and continuous effort. By acknowledging potential biases, implementing mitigation strategies, and fostering open collaboration, we can strive to create AI-generated datasets like ChitroJera that are not only comprehensive and effective but also fair, representative, and ethically sound.