spostrzeżenie - Evolutionary Biology - # Competition Dynamics in Invasive Species

Rapid Life-History Evolution and Competitive Asymmetry Between Invasive and Resident Species

Q: How does niche differentiation play a role in promoting coexistence between related invasive and resident species?

Niche differentiation plays a crucial role in promoting the coexistence of related invasive and resident species by reducing competition for resources. In the context of this study, niche differentiation refers to the ability of species to exploit different aspects of their environment or utilize resources in distinct ways. When invasive and resident species exhibit niche differentiation, they can occupy different ecological niches within the same habitat, thereby minimizing direct competition. In the case of Aplexa marmorata and Physa acuta, niche differentiation may involve differences in life-history traits that allow each species to specialize in utilizing specific resources or habitats. For example, A. marmorata may have evolved traits that enable it to exploit ephemeral resources or colonize new sites quickly before P. acuta establishes dominance. On the other hand, P. acuta's life-history traits might favor efficient resource exploitation under stable conditions. By partitioning available resources or habitats based on their respective adaptations and traits, these two snail species can coexist without directly competing with each other for the same limited resources. This reduces competitive pressures and allows both species to persist within the ecosystem.

Q: How can laboratory experiments accurately reflect field observations of competitive interactions between invasive and resident species?

Laboratory experiments can provide valuable insights into competitive interactions between invasive and resident species when designed carefully to mimic key aspects of natural conditions. To ensure that laboratory experiments accurately reflect field observations, several factors need to be considered: Experimental Design: The experimental setup should replicate relevant ecological conditions as closely as possible while controlling for confounding variables. Factors such as resource availability, population densities, environmental cues, and spatial structure should be taken into account. Species Interactions: Laboratory experiments should include both intra- and interspecific interactions between invasive and resident species to assess their competitive dynamics accurately. Trait Measurements: Traits relevant to competition (e.g., growth rates, survival rates) should be measured under controlled conditions in the lab but aligned with what is observed in natural settings. 4** Replicability**: Experiments should be replicated multiple times across different populations or sites to account for variability inherent in biological systems. 5** Data Analysis**: Statistical analyses should be robust enough to detect subtle differences resulting from competition while considering random effects due to individual variation among specimens used in experiments When these considerations are taken into account during experimental design and implementation processes laboratories' results can provide valuable insights into how competitive interactions unfold between invasive versus native/resident organisms - offering complementary perspectives alongside field studies.

Q: What factors might contribute outcomes rapid evolution following invasion?

Several factors could contribute significantly towards varying outcomes rapid evolution seen residentspecies subsequent an invasion event: 1** Initial Competitive Asymmetry: The degree initial asymmetrybetweeninvasiveandresidentpeciescan influence evolutionary responses.Residentspeciesmay evolve resistcompetition become morecompetitiveon theresourceoccupiedbythe invasivespeciesor avoidcompetition throughresource shift characterdisplacementdepending onthedeegreeofinitialasymmetry(Jones Gomulkiewicz2012). 2** Environmental Pressures: Thedynamicsoftheenvironmentwheretheinteractionstakeplaceplayacriticalroleinshapingtherapidevolutionaryresponses.Speciesarelikelytoadapttothenewpressuresimposedbytheinvaderwhichcouldleadtodivergentoutcomesrapid evolution(Godoyetal2014) 3** Genetic Variation:Therangeofgeneticvariationavailablewithinapopulationwilldeterminethenatureandextentofevolutionarychangespost-invasion.Themorediversitypresent themorelikelihoodforpopulationsrespondeffectivelytothesetnewchallenges(Colauttietal2006). 4** Ecological Context:Theoverallcontextualsettingincludingavailabilityoffoodresources,predationpressure,andhabitatstructurecansignificantlyimpacttherateanddirectionofevolutionarychange.Factorslikemetapopulationdynamics,nichepartitioning,andinterspecificinteractionsallcontributeoutcomesrapid evolution(Haeuseretal2019). 5* Time Scale:Thelengthoftimeoverwhichthepopulationshavebeenunderselectivepressurefollowinganinvasioneventalsoplaysacrucialroleindeterminingthedirectionandmagnitudeofevolutionaryshifts.Short-termresponsestoimmediatepressuresversuslong-termadaptationsforpersistenceco-existencewiththeinvadershouldbetakenintoaccount(Leibolet al2019).

Główne pojęcia

The author argues that rapid life-history evolution in response to invasive species can lead to competitive asymmetry, favoring the invader over the resident species. This asymmetry is driven by differences in life-history traits that impact competition outcomes.

Streszczenie

The content discusses a study on competition dynamics between two freshwater snail species, one native (Aplexa marmorata) and one invasive (Physa acuta). The study reveals that the invasive species dominates the native one due to rapid life-history evolution towards earlier maturity, higher fecundity, and higher juvenile survival. Despite negative impacts of competition on both species, the invasive Physa acuta displaces Aplexa marmorata over generations. The study suggests that Aplexa marmorata populations have evolved to become less tolerant to competition by Physa acuta, supporting the hypothesis that rapid life-history evolution allows avoidance rather than resistance to competition. This example illustrates how evolutionary responses can influence coexistence between related species in a landscape.

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biorxiv.org

Statystyki

"The former has responded to invasion by rapid life-history evolution towards earlier maturity, higher fecundity and higher juvenile survival."
"P. acuta is dominant and over generations largely displaces A. marmorata from co-cultures."
"A. marmorata populations having experienced competition by P. acuta for sufficient time in nature have evolved to become even less tolerant to it."

Cytaty

"The study reveals that the invasive species dominates the native one due to rapid life-history evolution towards earlier maturity, higher fecundity, and higher juvenile survival."
"Despite negative impacts of competition on both species, the invasive Physa acuta displaces Aplexa marmorata over generations."

Kluczowe wnioski z

Rapid life-history evolution reinforces competitive asymmetry between invasive and resident species

by Chapuis,E., ... o www.biorxiv.org 10-25-2023

https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.25.563987v2

Głębsze pytania

How does niche differentiation play a role in promoting coexistence between related invasive and resident species?

Niche differentiation plays a crucial role in promoting the coexistence of related invasive and resident species by reducing competition for resources. In the context of this study, niche differentiation refers to the ability of species to exploit different aspects of their environment or utilize resources in distinct ways. When invasive and resident species exhibit niche differentiation, they can occupy different ecological niches within the same habitat, thereby minimizing direct competition.
In the case of Aplexa marmorata and Physa acuta, niche differentiation may involve differences in life-history traits that allow each species to specialize in utilizing specific resources or habitats. For example, A. marmorata may have evolved traits that enable it to exploit ephemeral resources or colonize new sites quickly before P. acuta establishes dominance. On the other hand, P. acuta's life-history traits might favor efficient resource exploitation under stable conditions.
By partitioning available resources or habitats based on their respective adaptations and traits, these two snail species can coexist without directly competing with each other for the same limited resources. This reduces competitive pressures and allows both species to persist within the ecosystem.

How can laboratory experiments accurately reflect field observations of competitive interactions between invasive and resident species?

Laboratory experiments can provide valuable insights into competitive interactions between invasive and resident species when designed carefully to mimic key aspects of natural conditions. To ensure that laboratory experiments accurately reflect field observations, several factors need to be considered:

Experimental Design: The experimental setup should replicate relevant ecological conditions as closely as possible while controlling for confounding variables. Factors such as resource availability, population densities, environmental cues, and spatial structure should be taken into account.

Species Interactions: Laboratory experiments should include both intra- and interspecific interactions between invasive and resident species to assess their competitive dynamics accurately.

Trait Measurements: Traits relevant to competition (e.g., growth rates, survival rates) should be measured under controlled conditions in the lab but aligned with what is observed in natural settings.

4** Replicability**: Experiments should be replicated multiple times across different populations or sites to account for variability inherent in biological systems.
5** Data Analysis**: Statistical analyses should be robust enough to detect subtle differences resulting from competition while considering random effects due to individual variation among specimens used in experiments
When these considerations are taken into account during experimental design and implementation processes laboratories' results can provide valuable insights into how competitive interactions unfold between invasive versus native/resident organisms - offering complementary perspectives alongside field studies.

What factors might contribute outcomes rapid evolution following invasion?

Several factors could contribute significantly towards varying outcomes rapid evolution seen  residentspecies subsequent an invasion event:
1** Initial Competitive Asymmetry: The degree initial asymmetrybetweeninvasiveandresidentpeciescan influence evolutionary responses.Residentspeciesmay evolve resistcompetition become morecompetitiveon theresourceoccupiedbythe invasivespeciesor avoidcompetition throughresource shift characterdisplacementdepending onthedeegreeofinitialasymmetry(Jones Gomulkiewicz2012).
2** Environmental Pressures: Thedynamicsoftheenvironmentwheretheinteractionstakeplaceplayacriticalroleinshapingtherapidevolutionaryresponses.Speciesarelikelytoadapttothenewpressuresimposedbytheinvaderwhichcouldleadtodivergentoutcomesrapid evolution(Godoyetal2014)
3** Genetic Variation:Therangeofgeneticvariationavailablewithinapopulationwilldeterminethenatureandextentofevolutionarychangespost-invasion.Themorediversitypresent themorelikelihoodforpopulationsrespondeffectivelytothesetnewchallenges(Colauttietal2006).
4** Ecological Context:Theoverallcontextualsettingincludingavailabilityoffoodresources,predationpressure,andhabitatstructurecansignificantlyimpacttherateanddirectionofevolutionarychange.Factorslikemetapopulationdynamics,nichepartitioning,andinterspecificinteractionsallcontributeoutcomesrapid evolution(Haeuseretal2019).
5* Time Scale:Thelengthoftimeoverwhichthepopulationshavebeenunderselectivepressurefollowinganinvasioneventalsoplaysacrucialroleindeterminingthedirectionandmagnitudeofevolutionaryshifts.Short-termresponsestoimmediatepressuresversuslong-termadaptationsforpersistenceco-existencewiththeinvadershouldbetakenintoaccount(Leibolet al2019).