核心概念
長期以來,天文學家系統性地低估了哈伯常數的誤差範圍,導致現今所謂的「哈伯張力」可能被誇大了,這也反映出當代宇宙學研究中存在的社會學現象。
統計資料
從 1976 年到 2019 年,共收集了 163 個哈伯常數測量值。
加權平均哈伯常數為 68.26 ± 0.40 km s−1 Mpc−1,χ2 值為 575.7。
根據高斯分佈,測量值與預期值相差超過 3σ 的概率應為 2.7 × 10−3,但實際上有 11.7% 的測量值出現這種情況。
4.4σ 的張力在等效的高斯分佈中僅相當於 2.1σ。
6.0σ 的張力在等效的高斯分佈中僅相當於 2.5σ。
引述
“The enormous discrepancies between cited uncertainties in derived values of H0 and the much larger dispersions when values from different authors were compared to each other was already realized in the 1980s and 1990s.”
“The fact that the error bars for H0 are so commonly underestimated might explain the apparent discrepancy of values.”
“Orthodox cosmology has an important element of groupthink, of following a leader’s opinion.”