
地質構造、氣候變遷和造山運動共同塑造了歐亞大陸淡水魚類的演化歷史，其中乾旱化是導致物種滅絕的主要原因。


coremsg

Eurasia has undergone substantial tectonic, geological, and climatic changes throughout the Cenozoic era, primarily associated with tectonic plate collisions and a global cooling trend. The evolution of present-day biodiversity unfolded in this dynamic environment, characterised by intricate interactions of abiotic factors. However, comprehensive, large-scale reconstructions illustrating the extent of these influences are lacking. We reconstructed the evolutionary history of the freshwater fish family Nemacheilidae across Eurasia and spanning most of the Cenozoic era. Molecular phylogeny uncovered six major clades within the family, along with numerous unresolved taxonomic issues. Dating of cladogenetic events and ancestral range estimation traced the origin of Nemacheilidae to Indochina around 48 million years ago. Subsequently, one branch of Nemacheilidae colonised eastern, central, and northern Asia, as well as Europe, while another branch expanded into the Burmese region, the Indian subcontinent, the Near East, and northeast Africa. These expansions were facilitated by tectonic connections, favourable climatic conditions, and orogenic processes. Conversely, aridification emerged as the primary cause of extinction events. Our study marks the first comprehensive reconstruction of the evolution of Eurasian freshwater biodiversity on a continental scale and across deep geological time.

### Competing Interest Statement

The authors have declared no competing interest.

Reconstructing the evolutionary history of freshwater fishes (Nemacheilidae) across Eurasia since early Eocene

歐亞大陸淡水魚類-nemacheilidae-自始新世以來的演化歷史重建


歐亞大陸淡水魚類（Nemacheilidae）自始新世以來的演化歷史重建
