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An Arbitrarily High-Order Fully Well-Balanced Hybrid Finite Element-Finite Volume Method for a One-Dimensional Blood Flow Model


المفاهيم الأساسية
The authors propose an arbitrarily high-order accurate, fully well-balanced numerical method for the one-dimensional blood flow model. The method combines a continuous representation of the solution with a natural combination of the conservative and primitive formulations of the studied PDEs, achieving well-balanced properties and high-order accuracy.
الملخص

The paper presents an arbitrarily high-order, fully well-balanced (WB) hybrid finite element-finite volume numerical method for the one-dimensional blood flow model. The key highlights are:

  1. The method uses a continuous representation of the solution, with degrees of freedom defined as point values at cell interfaces and moments of the conservative variables inside the cell, drawing inspiration from the discontinuous Galerkin method.

  2. The well-balanced property is achieved by a well-balanced approximation of the source term in the conservative formulation and a well-balanced residual computation in the primitive formulation.

  3. The method can exactly preserve both the zero velocity ("blood-at-rest") and non-zero velocity ("moving-blood") equilibria of the blood flow model.

  4. The method is arbitrarily high-order accurate, with a focus on third-, fourth-, and fifth-order schemes in the paper.

  5. The method is positivity-preserving, guaranteeing that both the cell average and point value of cross-sectional area of the vessel are non-negative.

  6. Numerical results demonstrate the high-order accuracy, fully WB property, and ability to provide good resolution for both smooth and discontinuous solutions.

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الإحصائيات
The cross-sectional area of the vessel is denoted by A(x,t), the discharge by Q(x,t), the averaged internal pressure by p(x,t), the fluid density by ρ, and the arterial stiffness by κ.
اقتباسات
"The well-balanced property, in the sense of an exact preservation of both the zero and non-zero velocity equilibria, is achieved by a well-balanced approximation of the source term in the conservative formulation and a well-balanced residual computation in the primitive formulation." "To lowest (3rd) order this method reduces to the method developed in [Abgrall and Liu, A New Approach for Designing Well-Balanced Schemes for the Shallow Water Equations: A Combination of Conservative and Primitive Formulations, arXiv preprint, arXiv:2304.07809]."

استفسارات أعمق

How can the proposed method be extended to handle more complex blood flow models, such as those with fluid-structure interaction or non-Newtonian fluid behavior

The proposed method can be extended to handle more complex blood flow models by incorporating fluid-structure interaction and non-Newtonian fluid behavior. For fluid-structure interaction, the finite element aspect of the hybrid method can be expanded to include the structural dynamics of the vessel walls. This would involve coupling the blood flow model with a structural mechanics model to account for the interaction between the fluid and the vessel walls. The structural model would introduce additional equations governing the deformation of the vessel walls under the influence of blood flow forces. The coupling between the fluid and structural models can be achieved through appropriate interface conditions at the fluid-structure interface. Incorporating non-Newtonian fluid behavior into the model would require modifying the constitutive equations to capture the shear-thinning or shear-thickening properties of blood. This could involve using non-Newtonian viscosity models, such as the Carreau-Yasuda or Cross models, to better represent the rheological behavior of blood. The numerical scheme would need to be adapted to accommodate these non-Newtonian effects, potentially requiring additional terms in the governing equations and adjustments to the reconstruction and update strategies to accurately capture the non-Newtonian behavior.

What are the potential challenges and limitations of the hybrid finite element-finite volume approach compared to other high-order well-balanced schemes for blood flow modeling

The hybrid finite element-finite volume approach has several potential challenges and limitations compared to other high-order well-balanced schemes for blood flow modeling. Computational Complexity: The hybrid approach combines two numerical methods, which can increase the computational complexity of the simulation. Managing the interaction between the finite element and finite volume components may require additional computational resources and time. Implementation Complexity: Implementing a hybrid method involves integrating two different numerical techniques, which can be challenging and require expertise in both finite element and finite volume methods. Ensuring the consistency and stability of the hybrid scheme may require careful calibration and validation. Accuracy and Stability: While the hybrid approach offers high-order accuracy and well-balanced properties, maintaining stability and accuracy across different flow regimes and geometries can be challenging. Ensuring numerical stability while preserving the well-balanced nature of the scheme may require sophisticated numerical techniques. Adaptability to Complex Geometries: The hybrid method may face limitations in handling complex geometries and boundary conditions. Ensuring the accuracy and stability of the scheme in irregular geometries or with complex boundary conditions may require additional modifications and validations.

Can the well-balanced reconstruction and update strategies developed in this work be applied to other types of hyperbolic balance laws beyond the blood flow model

The well-balanced reconstruction and update strategies developed in this work can be applied to other types of hyperbolic balance laws beyond the blood flow model. The key principles of the well-balanced approach, such as preserving equilibrium states and accurately capturing the interplay between fluxes and source terms, are applicable to a wide range of hyperbolic systems. For example, these strategies can be extended to models in fluid dynamics, such as shallow water equations, compressible flow equations, or gas dynamics equations. By adapting the reconstruction and update techniques to the specific characteristics of the new hyperbolic balance laws, the well-balanced properties can be maintained while ensuring accuracy and stability in the numerical simulations. The flexibility and robustness of the well-balanced strategies make them suitable for a variety of hyperbolic systems, providing a framework for developing high-order numerical methods that accurately capture the dynamics of complex physical phenomena.
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