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Causal Inference Modulates Audiovisual Temporal Recalibration

Q: How might the mechanisms behind rapid and cumulative audiovisual temporal recalibration differ?

In the context of audiovisual temporal recalibration, the mechanisms behind rapid and cumulative recalibration may differ in terms of the time scale and underlying neural processes involved. Rapid recalibration occurs following exposure to a single and brief audiovisual asynchrony, leading to a quick adjustment in perceived timing. This rapid recalibration is thought to rely on phase-frequency coupling that happens at a faster time scale, involving distinct underlying neurophysiological processes such as rapid phase shifts of entrained neural oscillations in the auditory cortex. On the other hand, cumulative recalibration occurs over multiple exposures to consistent audiovisual asynchronies, resulting in a gradual adjustment of the audiovisual bias. This cumulative recalibration process involves the accumulation of updates to the audiovisual bias after each encounter with a stimulus pair, leading to a persistent recalibration effect that carries over to subsequent trials. Therefore, while both rapid and cumulative recalibration aim to realign perceived timing between auditory and visual stimuli, the speed and neural mechanisms involved in these processes may differ significantly.

Q: What other factors, beyond causal inference and modality-specific uncertainty, might contribute to the asymmetry observed in audiovisual temporal recalibration?

In addition to causal inference and modality-specific uncertainty, several other factors may contribute to the asymmetry observed in audiovisual temporal recalibration. One such factor could be the initial audiovisual bias that participants bring into the recalibration process. Individual differences in the baseline audiovisual bias could influence how participants recalibrate to auditory-lead versus visual-lead adapter SOAs. Moreover, environmental factors such as the frequency of exposure to visual-lead events in natural settings could also play a role in shaping the asymmetry of audiovisual temporal recalibration. For instance, if individuals are more frequently exposed to visual-lead events in their daily lives, this prior experience may influence the recalibration process and lead to asymmetrical effects. Additionally, the precision of sensory signals in each modality, beyond just the latency differences, could impact the degree of recalibration in response to different adapter SOAs. Factors such as the reliability of auditory and visual cues, attentional mechanisms, and cognitive biases may also contribute to the asymmetry observed in audiovisual temporal recalibration.

Q: How do the findings from this study on audiovisual temporal recalibration relate to cross-modal recalibration in other sensory domains, such as visuo-tactile or audio-haptic?

The findings from this study on audiovisual temporal recalibration can provide valuable insights into cross-modal recalibration in other sensory domains, such as visuo-tactile or audio-haptic interactions. The concept of causal inference, as demonstrated in the study, plays a crucial role in how the brain integrates and recalibrates information from different sensory modalities. By considering the causal relationship between stimuli and determining whether they come from a common or separate source, the brain can make more accurate perceptual judgments and adjust to discrepancies in timing or spatial alignment. This principle of causal inference is likely to extend to other cross-modal recalibration processes, such as visuo-tactile or audio-haptic recalibration, where the brain needs to integrate information from multiple senses to maintain perceptual coherence. Additionally, the role of modality-specific uncertainty in shaping recalibration effects observed in audiovisual temporal recalibration may also apply to other cross-modal interactions, highlighting the importance of considering sensory precision and reliability in multisensory integration. Overall, the findings on audiovisual temporal recalibration provide a foundation for understanding how the brain adapts to and recalibrates cross-modal sensory information across different sensory domains.

Kernekoncepter

Causal inference with modality-specific uncertainty is essential to accurately capture the nonlinearity and idiosyncratic asymmetry of audiovisual temporal recalibration.

Resumé

The study examines the mechanism of audiovisual temporal recalibration through the lens of causal inference, considering the brain's capacity to determine whether multimodal signals come from a common source and should be integrated, or else kept separate.

Key highlights:

In a three-phase recalibration paradigm, the authors manipulated the adapter stimulus-onset asynchrony (SOA) in the exposure phase across nine sessions, introducing asynchronies up to 0.7 s of either auditory or visual lead.
The results confirmed the nonlinearity as well as idiosyncratic asymmetry of the recalibration effect.
The authors fitted four models to the data, using either causal inference or a fixed update, combined with either modality-specific or modality-independent uncertainty.
Model comparison revealed that causal inference combined with modality-specific uncertainty is essential to accurately capture the nonlinearity and idiosyncratic asymmetry of temporal recalibration.
The findings suggest that cross-modal temporal recalibration, typically considered an early-stage, low-level perceptual process, involves higher cognitive functions in the adjustment of perception.

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Statistik

The amount of audiovisual temporal recalibration first increased but then plateaued with increasing magnitude of the adapter SOA presented during the exposure phase.
All participants showed audiovisual asymmetry in temporal recalibration, with the majority showing larger recalibration effects in response to auditory-than visual-lead asynchrony.

Citater

"The classic compensatory view is that recalibration serves to offset the physical and neural latency differences between modalities (Fujisaki et al., 2004), aiming for external accuracy, the agreement between perception and the environment (Zaidel et al., 2011)."
"Notably, the fixed-update model overlooks the causal relationship between multimodal stimuli by implicitly assuming that they originate from a single source. However, that's not always the case in a multimodal environment."

Vigtigste indsigter udtrukket fra

Uncertainty-based causal inference modulates audiovisual temporal recalibration

by Li,L., Hong,... kl. www.biorxiv.org 03-11-2024

https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.03.08.584189v1

Dybere Forespørgsler

How might the mechanisms behind rapid and cumulative audiovisual temporal recalibration differ?

In the context of audiovisual temporal recalibration, the mechanisms behind rapid and cumulative recalibration may differ in terms of the time scale and underlying neural processes involved. Rapid recalibration occurs following exposure to a single and brief audiovisual asynchrony, leading to a quick adjustment in perceived timing. This rapid recalibration is thought to rely on phase-frequency coupling that happens at a faster time scale, involving distinct underlying neurophysiological processes such as rapid phase shifts of entrained neural oscillations in the auditory cortex. On the other hand, cumulative recalibration occurs over multiple exposures to consistent audiovisual asynchronies, resulting in a gradual adjustment of the audiovisual bias. This cumulative recalibration process involves the accumulation of updates to the audiovisual bias after each encounter with a stimulus pair, leading to a persistent recalibration effect that carries over to subsequent trials. Therefore, while both rapid and cumulative recalibration aim to realign perceived timing between auditory and visual stimuli, the speed and neural mechanisms involved in these processes may differ significantly.

What other factors, beyond causal inference and modality-specific uncertainty, might contribute to the asymmetry observed in audiovisual temporal recalibration?

In addition to causal inference and modality-specific uncertainty, several other factors may contribute to the asymmetry observed in audiovisual temporal recalibration. One such factor could be the initial audiovisual bias that participants bring into the recalibration process. Individual differences in the baseline audiovisual bias could influence how participants recalibrate to auditory-lead versus visual-lead adapter SOAs. Moreover, environmental factors such as the frequency of exposure to visual-lead events in natural settings could also play a role in shaping the asymmetry of audiovisual temporal recalibration. For instance, if individuals are more frequently exposed to visual-lead events in their daily lives, this prior experience may influence the recalibration process and lead to asymmetrical effects. Additionally, the precision of sensory signals in each modality, beyond just the latency differences, could impact the degree of recalibration in response to different adapter SOAs. Factors such as the reliability of auditory and visual cues, attentional mechanisms, and cognitive biases may also contribute to the asymmetry observed in audiovisual temporal recalibration.

How do the findings from this study on audiovisual temporal recalibration relate to cross-modal recalibration in other sensory domains, such as visuo-tactile or audio-haptic?

The findings from this study on audiovisual temporal recalibration can provide valuable insights into cross-modal recalibration in other sensory domains, such as visuo-tactile or audio-haptic interactions. The concept of causal inference, as demonstrated in the study, plays a crucial role in how the brain integrates and recalibrates information from different sensory modalities. By considering the causal relationship between stimuli and determining whether they come from a common or separate source, the brain can make more accurate perceptual judgments and adjust to discrepancies in timing or spatial alignment. This principle of causal inference is likely to extend to other cross-modal recalibration processes, such as visuo-tactile or audio-haptic recalibration, where the brain needs to integrate information from multiple senses to maintain perceptual coherence. Additionally, the role of modality-specific uncertainty in shaping recalibration effects observed in audiovisual temporal recalibration may also apply to other cross-modal interactions, highlighting the importance of considering sensory precision and reliability in multisensory integration. Overall, the findings on audiovisual temporal recalibration provide a foundation for understanding how the brain adapts to and recalibrates cross-modal sensory information across different sensory domains.