Deep Instruction Tuning Enhances Segment Anything Model's Text-Guided Segmentation Capabilities

Kernkonzepte

Deep text instruction tuning is essential to improve the text-guided segmentation capabilities of the Segment Anything Model (SAM), which performs much worse on text-instructed tasks compared to point- and box-guided segmentation.

Zusammenfassung

The paper proposes two deep instruction tuning (DIT) methods for the Segment Anything Model (SAM) to enhance its text-guided segmentation capabilities.
The key insights are:

SAM's default lightweight mask decoder with shallow fusion is insufficient for handling linguistic ambiguities in text instructions, leading to much worse performance on text-guided segmentation compared to point- and box-guided tasks.
The proposed end-to-end DIT (E-DIT) and layer-wise DIT (L-DIT) methods regard SAM's image encoder as a stand-alone multi-modal learner, allowing for deep interactions between text and visual features.
E-DIT appends text prompts to the visual tokens, while L-DIT projects text features into each layer of the visual encoder, enabling better adaptation of text instructions.
Extensive experiments on referring image segmentation benchmarks show that DIT-SAMs significantly outperform the default SAM, with L-DIT achieving state-of-the-art performance.
The paper also analyzes the impact of freezing visual and text encoders, as well as different text word injection methods for L-DIT.

Statistiken

"SAM only achieves 55.7 accuracy when fine-tuned on RefCOCO, which is much inferior than following points or boxs."
"With more decoding layers, the performance can be alleviated to some extent, but still lags behind DITs especially when the image encoder frozen."
"On RefCOCO dataset, L-DIT outperforms existing trained from scratch SOTA methods with a absolute improvements of 1.94%, 1.56%, 2.91% in all three splits and performs on par with pretrained PolyFormer."

Zitate

"Deep text instruction tuning is essential for SAM."
"Compared with the pre-trained BERT, the significance of updating image encoder is much more obvious, e.g., +4.88 oIoU on val."
"This case suggests that with the strong dependency modeling of SAM's ViT encoder, a direct semantic projection can well facilitate cross-modal alignment, well confirming the motivation of our DIT."

Wichtige Erkenntnisse aus

Deep Instruction Tuning for Segment Anything Model

by Xiaorui Huan... um arxiv.org 04-02-2024

https://arxiv.org/pdf/2404.00650.pdf

Tiefere Fragen

How can the proposed DIT methods be extended to other vision-language tasks beyond referring image segmentation

The proposed Deep Instruction Tuning (DIT) methods can be extended to other vision-language tasks beyond referring image segmentation by leveraging the same principles of enhancing the interaction between visual and textual modalities. For tasks like visual question answering (VQA), image captioning, and visual grounding, the DIT approach can be applied by incorporating text instructions into the visual processing pipeline. By projecting text features onto the visual space and allowing for deep multi-modal fusion, models can better understand and respond to textual prompts in a more context-aware manner. This extension can improve the performance of vision-language models across a range of tasks by enabling them to effectively integrate information from both modalities.

What are the potential limitations of the DIT approach, and how can they be addressed in future work

While the DIT approach shows promising results in improving text-guided segmentation tasks, there are potential limitations that need to be addressed in future work. One limitation is the scalability of the approach to handle more complex and diverse textual instructions. As the complexity of text prompts increases, the model may struggle to effectively capture all nuances and details, leading to performance degradation. To address this, future work could focus on developing more sophisticated text encoding and projection techniques to better align text features with visual representations.
Another limitation is the potential for overfitting when fine-tuning the model with DIT methods. To mitigate this, regularization techniques and data augmentation strategies can be employed to prevent the model from memorizing specific examples and improve generalization to unseen data. Additionally, exploring different architectures and hyperparameters for the DIT methods could help optimize performance and address potential limitations.

Given the strong performance of L-DIT, how can the insights from this work be applied to improve the multi-modal reasoning capabilities of other large-scale vision-language models

The insights from the strong performance of L-DIT can be applied to improve the multi-modal reasoning capabilities of other large-scale vision-language models by emphasizing the importance of deep instruction tuning for enhancing cross-modal interactions. By incorporating layer-wise text instruction tuning, models can better adapt text prompts to the semantic space of the visual encoder at different levels of abstraction. This approach enables the model to capture fine-grained details and context from textual instructions, leading to more accurate and context-aware responses.
Furthermore, the success of L-DIT highlights the significance of leveraging the strengths of both visual and textual modalities in a synergistic manner. By focusing on enhancing the multi-modal fusion process and facilitating better communication between the two modalities, other large-scale vision-language models can benefit from improved performance on tasks requiring complex reasoning and understanding of textual instructions. This approach can lead to more robust and versatile models capable of handling a wide range of vision-language tasks effectively.