The paper starts by outlining the research questions it aims to address, which include identifying the most frequent vulnerabilities in Solidity smart contracts, understanding how to mitigate these vulnerabilities, and exploring the existing methodologies and tools used for vulnerability detection.
The paper then delves into the discussion of the most common smart contract vulnerabilities:
Reentrancy: This vulnerability allows attackers to repeatedly call a contract's functions before the contract can update its state, potentially draining the contract's funds. The paper discusses the implications of reentrancy attacks on NFT fractionalization platforms and presents mitigation strategies such as the use of the checks-effects-interactions pattern and mutex locks.
Front-running: This vulnerability exploits the visibility of pending transactions to the network, allowing attackers to insert their own transactions with higher gas prices to be executed first, potentially manipulating the market dynamics of fractionalized NFTs. The paper discusses mitigation techniques like the use of commit-reveal schemes.
Arithmetic: Integer overflow and underflow vulnerabilities can lead to unexpected behavior and financial losses, especially in the context of revenue distribution among NFT fraction owners. The paper recommends the use of SafeMath library and explicit checks for arithmetic operations.
Mishandled Exceptions: Failure to properly handle exceptions in low-level contract calls can lead to unintended execution flow and potential exploitation, which could impact the fairness of revenue distribution in fractionalized NFT platforms.
Code Injection via Delegatecall: Unsafe use of delegatecall can allow malicious code to be executed in the context of the calling contract, potentially compromising the ownership or control mechanisms of fractionalized NFT platforms.
Randomness Using Block Information: The paper discusses how the use of block information for generating randomness can be manipulated by miners, leading to unfair outcomes in the allocation of rare NFT fractions or the determination of auction winners.
The paper also provides an overview of the common methodologies used for vulnerability detection, including static analysis (control flow graphs, taint analysis, and symbolic execution), dynamic analysis (fuzzing), and formal verification. It compares the strengths and limitations of these approaches.
Finally, the paper presents an experimental evaluation of five widely used tools for detecting smart contract vulnerabilities: Oyente, Slither, Mythril, Manticore, and Echidna. It discusses the pros and cons of each tool and provides guidance on how to effectively use them for auditing smart contracts.
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by Wejdene Haou... a las arxiv.org 04-01-2024
https://arxiv.org/pdf/2403.19805.pdfConsultas más profundas