
역전 현상은 두 가지 표현형에 대해 길항적으로 기여하는 변이체를 유지할 수 있으며, 그 중 하나의 표현형은 음의 빈도 의존적 적합도를 가진다. 이러한 조건은 길항적 표현형을 가진 두 개의 우세한 유전자형을 유지하는 형태의 빈도 의존적 이분화 선택을 생성한다.


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Chromosomal inversion polymorphisms can be common, but the causes of their persistence are often unclear. We propose a model for the maintenance of inversion polymorphism, which requires that some variants contribute antagonistically to two phenotypes, one of which has negative frequency-dependent fitness. These conditions yield a form of frequency-dependent disruptive selection, favoring two predominant haplotypes segregating alleles that favor opposing antagonistic phenotypes. An inversion associated with one haplotype can reduce the fitness load incurred by generating recombinant offspring, reinforcing its linkage to the haplotype and enabling both haplotypes to accumulate more antagonistic variants than expected otherwise. We develop and apply a forward simulator to examine these dynamics under a tradeoff between survival and male display. These simulations indeed generate inversion-associated haplotypes with opposing sex-specific fitness effects. Antagonism strengthens with time, and can ultimately yield karyotypes at surprisingly predictable frequencies, with striking genotype frequency differences between sexes and between developmental stages. To test whether this model may contribute to well-studied yet enigmatic inversion polymorphisms in Drosophila melanogaster , we track inversion frequencies in laboratory crosses to test whether they influence male reproductive success or survival. We find that two of the four tested inversions show significant evidence for the tradeoff examined, with In(3R)K favoring survival and In(3L)Ok favoring male reproduction. In line with the apparent sex-specific fitness effects implied for both of those inversions, In(3L)Ok was also found to be less costly to the viability and/or longevity of males than females, whereas In(3R)K was more beneficial to female survival. Based on this work, we expect that balancing selection on antagonistically pleiotropic traits may provide a significant and underappreciated contribution to the maintenance of natural inversion polymorphism.

### Competing Interest Statement

The authors have declared no competing interest.

Inversions Can Accumulate Balanced Sexual Antagonism: Evidence from Simulations and Drosophila Experiments

역전-현상이-균형-성적-길항작용을-축적할-수-있음-시뮬레이션-및-drosophila-실험-증거


역전 현상이 균형 성적 길항작용을 축적할 수 있음: 시뮬레이션 및 Drosophila 실험 증거
