Recent Advances in Heart Failure Therapy: 2023 ESC Guideline Update

מושגי ליבה

Recent advances in heart failure therapy have led to significant updates in the 2023 ESC guidelines, emphasizing the importance of SGLT2 inhibitors and other key treatments.

תקציר

Recent progress in heart failure management has necessitated updates to the 2021 ESC guidelines.
The 2023 Focused Update highlights key additions and adjustments, including new Class I recommendations.
Recommendations for HFmrEF and HFpEF now include SGLT2 inhibitors as a core therapy.
The update also addresses the management of patients hospitalized with heart failure, emphasizing early initiation of evidence-based treatment.
New recommendations for patients with heart failure and comorbidities like type-2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease are included.
The document also provides guidance on iron deficiency in heart failure patients.
Discussions around the phenotyping of heart failure categories were considered but not implemented in the update.

סטטיסטיקה

"The 2023 focused update indicates an SGLT2 inhibitor, either empagliflozin or dapagliflozin, for patients with either HFmrEF or HFpEF to reduce the risk of HF hospitalization or cardiovascular death."
"The focused update recommends 'an intensive strategy of initiation and rapid up-titration of evidence-based treatment before discharge and during frequent and careful follow-up visits in the first 6 weeks after hospitalization' to reduce readmission and mortality: Class I, level of evidence B."
"The 2023 focused update also accounts for new clinical-trial insights for patients with HF and iron deficiency."

ציטוטים

"Back in 2021, we had three and a half decades of data to consider, but recent years have seen an amazing amount of progress that has necessitated some adjustments and key additions." - Roy S. Gardner
"This wasn't a fluke finding. The two trials, backed up by meta-analyses, suggested as well that the two SGLT2 inhibitors 'work across the spectrum of ejection fraction.'" - Roy S. Gardner
"There was a large consensus around this recommendation." - Alexandre Mebazaa

תובנות מפתח מזוקקות מ:

Recent Leaps in HF Therapy Spur ESC Guideline-Focused Update

by Steve Stiles ב- www.medscape.com 09-12-2023

https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/996334

שאלות מעמיקות

How might the inclusion of SGLT2 inhibitors impact the overall management of heart failure patients

The inclusion of SGLT2 inhibitors in the management of heart failure patients represents a significant advancement in treatment strategies. These medications have shown remarkable efficacy in reducing the risk of heart failure hospitalization and cardiovascular death across a spectrum of ejection fractions. By adding SGLT2 inhibitors as a core therapy for both HFmrEF and HFpEF, the 2023 ESC guideline update enhances the available options for clinicians to improve patient outcomes. These medications provide a novel mechanism of action by promoting natriuresis and reducing the risk of fluid overload, making them valuable additions to the existing armamentarium of heart failure treatments. The Class I recommendations for empagliflozin and dapagliflozin underscore the strong evidence supporting their use in reducing adverse cardiovascular events in heart failure patients, thereby potentially revolutionizing the standard of care in heart failure management.

What challenges could arise from the proposed changes to the nomenclature of heart failure categories

Proposed changes to the nomenclature of heart failure categories, particularly the shift towards categorizing heart failure as HFrEF and HF with normal ejection fraction (HFnEF), could present several challenges in clinical practice. While the current classification system based on ejection fraction (EF) has been instrumental in guiding treatment decisions, the emergence of medications like SGLT2 inhibitors that demonstrate efficacy across EF ranges complicates this binary classification. Implementing a two-category system may lead to ambiguity in treatment selection, as certain medications may be beneficial for patients with EF values that fall between the traditional HFrEF and HFpEF categories. Additionally, healthcare providers may face challenges in accurately categorizing patients, potentially impacting the appropriate selection of therapies based on EF status. Furthermore, transitioning to a new nomenclature would require extensive re-education of healthcare professionals and could lead to confusion in clinical communication and research studies that rely on the existing EF-based classification system.

How can the findings of the 2023 ESC guideline update be applied to improve patient outcomes in real-world clinical settings

The findings of the 2023 ESC guideline update offer valuable insights that can be directly applied to improve patient outcomes in real-world clinical settings. Healthcare providers can leverage the updated recommendations, such as the early initiation and rapid uptitration of evidence-based medications for patients hospitalized with acute heart failure, to optimize treatment strategies and reduce the risk of readmission and mortality. By implementing a comprehensive approach that includes close monitoring of clinical and laboratory parameters post-discharge, clinicians can proactively manage heart failure patients and tailor treatment plans to individual needs. Additionally, the incorporation of SGLT2 inhibitors and finerenone in the management of heart failure patients with comorbidities like type-2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease presents new opportunities to address the complex needs of these populations. Healthcare teams can use the guideline update to streamline decision-making processes, enhance patient education, and promote multidisciplinary collaboration to achieve better outcomes for individuals living with heart failure and its associated conditions.