מושגי ליבה
An interactive simulation tool that enables haptic designers to efficiently explore the physical effects of multiple temporal and spatiotemporal parameters when designing mid-air ultrasound Tactons.
תקציר
The authors developed an interactive simulation tool for mid-air ultrasound Tactons that allows designers to manipulate five temporal parameters (amplitude, AM frequency, envelope frequency, superposition ratio, and total duration) and three spatiotemporal parameters (shape, size, and drawing speed of a focal point trajectory). The tool provides a visualization of the vibration waveform and frequency spectrum at any point on the skin, enabling designers to test different parameter combinations before rendering the Tactons on a physical device.
The authors conducted preliminary measurements of 15 mid-air ultrasound Tactons varying in AM frequency, size, and drawing speed, using three rendering techniques: pure AM, pure STM, and a combination of AM and STM. The measurement results showed high correspondence with the simulation predictions for the pure AM and pure STM renderings, suggesting the validity of the simulation tool for these techniques. However, the simulations and measurements showed less correspondence for the combined AM and STM rendering, likely due to the complex physical effects on the skin.
The authors discuss plans to improve the measurement methodology, refine the simulation model, and expand the simulation tool's capabilities to include more design parameters and perceptual thresholds. The goal is to provide an open-source, high-utility simulation tool to assist haptic designers in creating rich mid-air ultrasound Tactons.
סטטיסטיקה
The amplitude of the ultrasound Tacton has an inverted U-shaped relationship with the height, reaching a maximum at 200 mm above the device.
The drawing frequency (𝑓𝑑) is defined as the number of completions or revolutions of a trajectory per second.
The pure AM rendering introduced frequency harmonics at multiples of the AM frequency (𝑓𝐴𝑀).
The pure STM rendering showed frequency harmonics at multiples of the drawing frequency (𝑓𝑑).
The combination of AM and STM rendering resulted in frequency harmonics at multiples of both 𝑓𝐴𝑀and 𝑓𝑑.
ציטוטים
"Mid-air ultrasound haptic technology offers a myriad of temporal and spatial parameters for contactless haptic design. Yet, predicting how these parameters interact to render an ultrasound signal is difficult before testing them on a mid-air ultrasound haptic device."
"Our model architecture was built on the simplified assumptions and on data collected from a scale hung in the air and a microphone placed away from the device, instead of using human skin stimulation data."