Active Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface-Aided Uplink Massive MIMO System with Imperfect Channel State Information and Phase Noise

The core message of this article is to investigate the performance of an active reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS)-aided uplink massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system in the presence of imperfect channel state information (CSI) and phase noise at the active RIS. The authors derive a closed-form expression for a lower bound of the achievable rate and analyze the power scaling laws of the considered system.