Core Concepts
The LHAASO-detected dumbbell-like structure, composed of three UHE gamma-ray sources, is unlikely to be explained by a single traveling pulsar wind nebula model unless the diffusion coefficient is extremely low and the pulsar possesses an unusually high proper-motion velocity.
Stats
The LHAASO experiment detected six UHE gamma-ray sources with energies above 25 TeV.
Three of these sources (J0206+4302u, J0212+4254u, and J0216+4237u) form a dumbbell-like structure on the significance map.
These three sources exhibit similar spectral shapes with an index of approximately 2.5.
The spectral index of the gamma-ray halo around Geminga is approximately 2.34.
The total energy of the PWN electrons in the leptonic model was set to 1.43 × 10^45 erg, representing 0.01% of Geminga's total spin-down energy.
The magnetic field strength associated with the six sources was set to 1 µG.
The ambient particle number density around PWN for bremsstrahlung calculation was assumed to be 0.1 cm^-3.
The average H2 column density of the MC potentially associated with J0007+5659u is 1.9 × 10^20 cm^-2.
The distance of the MC potentially associated with J0007+5659u is estimated to be 0.7 kpc.
The best-fit energy density of injected protons (Up) for J0007+5659u in the hadronic model is 0.54 eV cm^-3.
The best-fit spectral index of injected protons (αp) for J0007+5659u is 3.12.
The best-fit minimum energy of injected protons (Ep_min) for J0007+5659u is approximately 68.73 TeV.