insight - Cell Biology - # CFAP410 Basal Body Localization Mechanism

CFAP410 C-Terminus Tetrameric Helical Bundle Localization Study

Q: How does disruption of CFAP410's tetrameric assembly impact its interactions with other proteins beyond NEK1?

Disruption of CFAP410's tetrameric assembly can have a significant impact on its interactions with other proteins beyond NEK1. The tetrameric structure of CFAP410 is crucial for its correct localization to the basal body and for maintaining stability in protein-protein interactions. When the tetramer is disrupted, as seen in mutations like L224P, it not only affects the binding affinity with NEK1 but also potentially hinders interactions with other ciliopathy-associated proteins such as SPATA7. The structural changes induced by disrupting the tetrameric assembly can lead to misfolding or unfolding of CFAP410, altering its conformation and surface properties. This could prevent proper recognition and binding to partner proteins involved in ciliogenesis and DNA damage repair pathways. As a result, essential cellular processes regulated by these protein-protein interactions may be compromised, leading to dysfunctional cilia formation and impaired cellular functions.

Q: Could targeting other components involved in ciliogenesis offer potential therapeutic strategies for ciliopathies?

Targeting other components involved in ciliogenesis presents promising therapeutic strategies for treating ciliopathies. Since primary cilia play critical roles in various cellular functions such as signal transduction, cell cycle regulation, and sensory perception, dysfunctions in ciliary structure or function can lead to a wide range of diseases collectively known as ciliopathies. By identifying key players like CFAP410 that are essential for proper cilium formation and function, researchers can explore novel therapeutic approaches aimed at restoring normal ciliary dynamics. Targeting upstream regulators or downstream effectors within the same pathway as CFAP410 could help compensate for its dysfunction and alleviate symptoms associated with related disorders. Moreover, understanding the intricate network of protein-protein interactions within the context of ciliogenesis provides opportunities to develop targeted therapies that modulate specific pathways implicated in different types of ciliopathies. By focusing on multiple components simultaneously rather than individual genes or proteins alone, researchers may uncover synergistic effects that enhance treatment efficacy while minimizing potential side effects.

Q: How might understanding CFAP410's role in neuronal development contribute to treatments for neurological disorders?

Understanding CFAP410's role in neuronal development offers valuable insights into potential treatments for neurological disorders linked to defects in primary cilium function. Given that many neurological conditions arise from disruptions in signaling pathways mediated by primary cilia on neurons, deciphering how CFAP410 influences neuronal maturation and connectivity could pave the way for innovative therapeutic interventions. By elucidating how mutations affecting CFAP410 expression or activity impact neurodevelopmental processes like axon guidance or synapse formation, researchers can identify specific targets for drug discovery efforts aimed at correcting aberrant signaling cascades associated with neurological disorders. For instance, modulating factors upstream or downstream of CFAP410 within these pathways may offer new avenues for developing precision medicines tailored to address distinct subtypes of neurodevelopmental conditions effectively. Furthermore, leveraging knowledge about how alterations in C21orf2 (CFPA10) gene expression influence brain development opens up possibilities for personalized medicine approaches that target molecular mechanisms unique to each patient's condition. By integrating genetic information related to variations in this gene with advanced therapeutics like gene editing technologies or small molecule inhibitors designed specifically against relevant targets identified through research on C21orf2-related pathways could revolutionize treatment outcomes across diverse neurological disorders characterized by defective cilium function.

Core Concepts

The author demonstrates that the tetrameric assembly of CFAP410's C-terminal domain is crucial for its correct localization to the basal body, shedding light on how mutations like L224P can lead to ciliopathies.

Abstract

The study focuses on CFAP410, a protein essential for ciliogenesis and associated with various disorders. Structural analysis reveals a tetrameric helical bundle in the C-terminal domain crucial for proper localization to the basal body. Mutations disrupting this assembly, like L224P, can result in severe conditions such as spondylometaphyseal dysplasia. In vivo experiments in Trypanosoma brucei confirm the importance of this tetrameric structure for proper function and localization of CFAP410. The findings provide insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying ciliopathies and highlight the significance of protein structure in cellular processes.

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biorxiv.org

Stats

Homo sapiens CFAP410 consists of 255 amino acids.
Mutations identified in patients include I35F, C61Y, R73P, Y107C, Y107H, V111M, and L224P.
Crystal structures reveal a tetrameric helical bundle formation in CFAP410's C-terminal domain.
The L224P mutation disrupts tetramer assembly and abolishes basal body localization.
TbCFAP410 depletion leads to cytokinesis defects in T. brucei.

Quotes

"The tightly packed eight-helix bundle of the CTD controls the specific localization of CFAP410 to the basal body possibly by directly interacting with NEK1."
"Depletion of TbCFAP410 after RNAi resulted in aberrant cells with multiple kinetoplasts and nuclei appearing."
"The disrupted location of TbCFAP410-L272P to the basal body could be attributed to its abolished interaction with NEK1."

Key Insights Distilled From

The C-terminus of CFAP410 forms a tetrameric helical bundle that is essential for its localization to the basal body

by Stadler,A., ... at www.biorxiv.org 11-30-2023

https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.30.569397v1

Deeper Inquiries

How does disruption of CFAP410's tetrameric assembly impact its interactions with other proteins beyond NEK1?

Disruption of CFAP410's tetrameric assembly can have a significant impact on its interactions with other proteins beyond NEK1. The tetrameric structure of CFAP410 is crucial for its correct localization to the basal body and for maintaining stability in protein-protein interactions. When the tetramer is disrupted, as seen in mutations like L224P, it not only affects the binding affinity with NEK1 but also potentially hinders interactions with other ciliopathy-associated proteins such as SPATA7.
The structural changes induced by disrupting the tetrameric assembly can lead to misfolding or unfolding of CFAP410, altering its conformation and surface properties. This could prevent proper recognition and binding to partner proteins involved in ciliogenesis and DNA damage repair pathways. As a result, essential cellular processes regulated by these protein-protein interactions may be compromised, leading to dysfunctional cilia formation and impaired cellular functions.

Could targeting other components involved in ciliogenesis offer potential therapeutic strategies for ciliopathies?

Targeting other components involved in ciliogenesis presents promising therapeutic strategies for treating ciliopathies. Since primary cilia play critical roles in various cellular functions such as signal transduction, cell cycle regulation, and sensory perception, dysfunctions in ciliary structure or function can lead to a wide range of diseases collectively known as ciliopathies.
By identifying key players like CFAP410 that are essential for proper cilium formation and function, researchers can explore novel therapeutic approaches aimed at restoring normal ciliary dynamics. Targeting upstream regulators or downstream effectors within the same pathway as CFAP410 could help compensate for its dysfunction and alleviate symptoms associated with related disorders.
Moreover, understanding the intricate network of protein-protein interactions within the context of ciliogenesis provides opportunities to develop targeted therapies that modulate specific pathways implicated in different types of ciliopathies. By focusing on multiple components simultaneously rather than individual genes or proteins alone, researchers may uncover synergistic effects that enhance treatment efficacy while minimizing potential side effects.

How might understanding CFAP410's role in neuronal development contribute to treatments for neurological disorders?

Understanding CFAP410's role in neuronal development offers valuable insights into potential treatments for neurological disorders linked to defects in primary cilium function. Given that many neurological conditions arise from disruptions in signaling pathways mediated by primary cilia on neurons, deciphering how CFAP410 influences neuronal maturation and connectivity could pave the way for innovative therapeutic interventions.
By elucidating how mutations affecting CFAP410 expression or activity impact neurodevelopmental processes like axon guidance or synapse formation, researchers can identify specific targets for drug discovery efforts aimed at correcting aberrant signaling cascades associated with neurological disorders. For instance, modulating factors upstream or downstream of CFAP410 within these pathways may offer new avenues for developing precision medicines tailored to address distinct subtypes of neurodevelopmental conditions effectively.
Furthermore, leveraging knowledge about how alterations in C21orf2 (CFPA10) gene expression influence brain development opens up possibilities for personalized medicine approaches that target molecular mechanisms unique to each patient's condition. By integrating genetic information related to variations in this gene with advanced therapeutics like gene editing technologies or small molecule inhibitors designed specifically against relevant targets identified through research on C21orf2-related pathways could revolutionize treatment outcomes across diverse neurological disorders characterized by defective cilium function.