Molecular Hybrid Interface Boosts Efficiency and Stability of Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells

Core Concepts

Molecular hybrid interface engineering using a combination of self-assembled molecules and aromatic compounds significantly improves the performance and stability of inverted perovskite solar cells.

Abstract

The content discusses the development of an improved interface in inverted perovskite solar cells (PSCs) to address the limitations of existing self-assembled monolayers (SAMs). Specifically:

Inverted PSCs are a key pathway for commercializing perovskite photovoltaic technology due to their higher power conversion efficiency (PCE) and operational stability compared to normal device structures.
Recent advancements in SAMs and passivation strategies have enabled inverted PSCs to achieve PCEs exceeding 25%.
However, poor wettability and agglomeration of SAMs can cause interfacial losses, limiting further improvements in PCE and stability.
The authors report a molecular hybrid approach by co-assembling a multi-carboxylic acid functionalized aromatic compound (4,4',4''-nitrilotribenzoicacid, NA) with a popular SAM ([4-(3,6-dime-thyl-9H-carbazol-9-yl)butyl]phosphonic acid, Me-4PACz) to improve the heterojunction interface.
The molecular hybrid of Me-4PACz and NA substantially improved the interfacial characteristics, leading to a record-certified steady-state efficiency of 26.54% for inverted PSCs.
This strategy is also scalable, achieving the highest certified PCE of 22.74% for inverted mini-modules with an aperture area of 11.1 cm2.
The devices maintained 96.1% of their initial PCE after more than 2,400 hours of 1-sun operation in ambient air, demonstrating excellent stability.

Stats

The inverted perovskite solar cells demonstrated a record-certified steady-state efficiency of 26.54%.
The inverted mini-modules achieved the highest certified PCE of 22.74% with an aperture area of 11.1 cm2.
The devices maintained 96.1% of their initial PCE after more than 2,400 hours of 1-sun operation in ambient air.

Quotes

"The molecular hybrid of Me-4PACz with NA could substantially improve the interfacial characteristics."
"The resulting inverted PSCs demonstrated a record-certified steady-state efficiency of 26.54%."
"Crucially, this strategy aligns seamlessly with large-scale manufacturing, achieving the highest certified PCE for inverted mini-modules at 22.74% (aperture area: 11.1 cm2)."
"Our device also maintained 96.1% of its initial PCE after more than 2,400 hours of 1-sun operation in ambient air."

Key Insights Distilled From

Buried interface molecular hybrid for inverted perovskite solar cells - Nature

by Sanwan Liu,J... at www.nature.com 06-26-2024

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-024-07723-3

Deeper Inquiries

How can the molecular hybrid interface engineering approach be further optimized to achieve even higher efficiency and stability in inverted perovskite solar cells?

To further optimize the molecular hybrid interface engineering approach for inverted perovskite solar cells, several strategies can be implemented. Firstly, exploring a wider range of functionalized aromatic compounds and SAMs to identify combinations that offer enhanced interfacial properties could lead to improved efficiency and stability. Additionally, fine-tuning the molecular structure and composition of the hybrid interface materials to achieve better alignment of energy levels and improved charge transport properties is crucial. Furthermore, optimizing the deposition and processing techniques to ensure uniform coverage and controlled morphology at the interface will be essential for maximizing device performance. Incorporating advanced characterization techniques such as X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) to study the interface properties at the molecular level can provide valuable insights for further optimization.

What are the potential drawbacks or limitations of the co-assembly strategy using the specific molecules (NA and Me-4PACz) reported in this study?

While the co-assembly strategy using NA and Me-4PACz has shown promising results in improving the efficiency and stability of inverted perovskite solar cells, there are potential drawbacks and limitations to consider. One limitation could be the scalability and cost-effectiveness of synthesizing and incorporating these specific molecules into large-scale manufacturing processes. The stability of the molecular hybrid interface under prolonged exposure to various environmental conditions, such as humidity and temperature fluctuations, could also be a concern. Additionally, the compatibility of the co-assembled molecules with other components of the solar cell device, such as the electron and hole transport layers, may pose challenges in achieving optimal device performance. Further research is needed to address these limitations and ensure the practical viability of this co-assembly strategy for commercial applications.

What other emerging photovoltaic technologies could benefit from similar interface engineering approaches to improve device performance and reliability?

Several emerging photovoltaic technologies could benefit from similar interface engineering approaches to enhance device performance and reliability. Organic photovoltaics (OPVs) and quantum dot solar cells are promising candidates that could leverage molecular hybrid interface engineering to improve charge transport, reduce recombination losses, and enhance overall efficiency. Perovskite tandem solar cells, which combine different absorber materials to achieve higher efficiencies, could also benefit from interface engineering strategies to optimize the charge extraction and minimize interface recombination. Furthermore, dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) and organic-inorganic hybrid solar cells are areas where interface engineering approaches could be applied to enhance light absorption, charge separation, and overall device stability. By tailoring the interfacial properties through molecular design and engineering, a wide range of photovoltaic technologies can achieve significant performance improvements and pave the way for their commercialization.