Core Concepts
Quantum miners with low hashing power can execute a 51% attack on proof-of-work cryptocurrencies by manipulating block timestamps.
Abstract
The content discusses how a single quantum miner, despite having limited hashing power, can execute a 51% attack on proof-of-work cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin. By manipulating block timestamps and difficulty adjustments, the quantum miner can create competing chains with more cumulative proof-of-work. The attack relies on the chain work consensus mechanism and exploits the advantages of Grover's algorithm for quantum miners. Variants of the attack are presented to address issues such as lagging timestamps and revenue generation. However, executing such attacks is currently impractical due to limitations in quantum computing technology.
Introduction:
Strategy for a single quantum miner to mimic a 51% attack.
Exploiting blockchain consensus mechanisms for malicious purposes.
Main Attack:
Increasing difficulty by manipulating block timestamps.
Creating competing chains with higher cumulative proof-of-work.
Variants:
Lagging Issue: Addressing timestamp discrepancies in the attack.
Revenue Issue: Increasing revenue generation during the attack.
Difficulty Adjustments Issue: Adapting difficulty changes to avoid detection.
Applicability:
Theoretical application of the attack to various proof-of-work cryptocurrencies.
Limitations due to current quantum computing capabilities.
Conclusion:
Challenges posed by potential attacks on blockchain security.
Suggestions for future research directions and mitigations.
Stats
量子マイナーは、ブロックのタイムスタンプを操作して難易度を増加させることで攻撃を実行します。
許容される最大の難易度変更は4倍であり、最小は1/4です。
Quotes
"Most proof-of-work cryptocurrencies, including Bitcoin, are vulnerable to our attack."
"Our work has demonstrated a variety of attacks on Nakamoto consensus using difficulty adjustment."