The Impact of Print-and-Scan on the Effectiveness of Face Morphing Attacks in Heterogeneous Evaluation Scenarios

Core Concepts

Print-and-scan processing can significantly increase the effectiveness of face morphing attacks against face recognition systems, regardless of whether the input image is a morphed or bona fide face.

Abstract

The paper investigates the impact of print-and-scan processing on the effectiveness of face morphing attacks in heterogeneous evaluation scenarios. Key highlights: Print-and-scan processing can increase the false match rate of face recognition systems by up to 5.64% for DiM morphs and 16.00% for StyleGAN2 morphs, compared to digital-only morphs. Using the Fréchet Inception Distance (FID) metric, strictly print-scanned morph attacks performed on average 9.185% stronger than non-print-scanned digital morphs in terms of visual fidelity. The paper examines four attack configurations that combine digital and print-scanned bona fide and morphed images, highlighting the vulnerabilities of face recognition systems to heterogeneous data. Experiments were conducted on the FRLL, FERET, and FRGC datasets using three face recognition systems: ArcFace, ElasticFace, and AdaFace. The results show that print-and-scan processing can effectively mask morphing artifacts, making it harder for face recognition systems to detect morphed images, especially when the reference data is also print-scanned.

Stats

Print-and-scan processing can increase the false match rate by up to 5.64% for DiM morphs and 16.00% for StyleGAN2 morphs. Strictly print-scanned morph attacks performed on average 9.185% stronger than non-print-scanned digital morphs in terms of visual fidelity.

Quotes

"Print-and-scan processing can effectively mask morphing artifacts, making it harder for face recognition systems to detect morphed images, especially when the reference data is also print-scanned." "The presence of inconsistent data when comparing potentially morphed images against bona fide images is an area lacking research."

Key Insights Distilled From

The Impact of Print-and-Scan in Heterogeneous Morph Evaluation Scenarios

by Richard E. N... at arxiv.org 04-11-2024

https://arxiv.org/pdf/2404.06559.pdf

Deeper Inquiries

How can face recognition systems be made more robust to print-and-scan processing of morphed images?

To enhance the robustness of face recognition systems against print-and-scan processing of morphed images, several strategies can be implemented. One approach is to incorporate advanced detection algorithms that specifically target artifacts introduced during the printing and scanning process. By training the system to recognize these unique artifacts, it can better differentiate between genuine and morphed images that have undergone print-and-scan manipulation. Additionally, implementing multi-modal biometric systems that combine facial recognition with other biometric modalities, such as iris or fingerprint recognition, can provide an added layer of security and reduce the vulnerability to morphing attacks. Regular updates and improvements to the system's algorithms and models based on the latest research in morphing attack detection can also help enhance its robustness.

What other types of physical manipulations, beyond print-and-scan, could be used to obfuscate morphing artifacts and fool face recognition systems?

In addition to print-and-scan processing, there are several other physical manipulations that could be employed to obfuscate morphing artifacts and deceive face recognition systems. One method is the use of makeup and prosthetics to alter facial features in a way that masks the telltale signs of a morphed image. By physically altering the appearance of a face, an attacker can create a more convincing morph that is challenging for the recognition system to detect. Another technique is the use of different lighting conditions or angles during image capture, which can introduce variations that make it harder for the system to identify inconsistencies in the facial features. Furthermore, the use of high-quality masks or 3D-printed facial replicas can also be employed to create realistic morphs that are difficult to distinguish from genuine faces.

How do the findings of this study relate to the broader challenges of securing biometric systems against evolving attack techniques?

The findings of this study shed light on the challenges faced by biometric systems in detecting morphing attacks, especially in the context of print-and-scan processing. By demonstrating the effectiveness of print-and-scan manipulation in obfuscating morphing artifacts and fooling face recognition systems, the study highlights the need for advanced detection mechanisms to counter evolving attack techniques. These findings underscore the importance of continuously improving biometric systems to stay ahead of sophisticated attacks and ensure the security and integrity of biometric data. As attackers continue to innovate and develop new methods to bypass security measures, the study emphasizes the importance of ongoing research and development in biometric security to address these evolving threats effectively.