Interpretable Hate Speech Detection using Large Language Models

Core Concepts

Using Large Language Models to extract rationales for hate speech detection enables interpretable classifiers.

Abstract

Social media platforms can harbor hate speech due to anonymity. Proposed SHIELD framework combines LLMs and hate speech classifiers for interpretability. Evaluation on various datasets shows good performance and interpretability retention. Methodology includes LLM feature extraction, embedding fusion, and classification. Comparison with baselines like HateBERT and HateXplain demonstrates effectiveness. Results show SHIELD framework maintains detection performance while enhancing interpretability.

Stats

"Our comprehensive evaluation on a variety of social media hate speech datasets demonstrate: (1) the goodness of the LLM-extracted rationales, and (2) the surprising retention of detector performance even after training to ensure interpretability." "Dataset statistics for explicit hate speech dataset from different social media platforms: GAB - 83.7% hate posts, YouTube - 33.6% hate posts, Reddit - 28.4% hate posts, Twitter - 37.6% hate posts."

Quotes

"While incorporating qualities of interpretability directly into deep neural network models such as pre-trained language model based detectors is challenging..." "Our SHIELD framework performs at par with a simple HateBERT fine-tuned on the same dataset..."

Key Insights Distilled From

Towards Interpretable Hate Speech Detection using Large Language Model-extracted Rationales

by Ayushi Nirma... at arxiv.org 03-20-2024

https://arxiv.org/pdf/2403.12403.pdf

Deeper Inquiries

How can the trade-off between accuracy and interpretability be optimized in hate speech detection models?

In hate speech detection models, optimizing the trade-off between accuracy and interpretability is crucial for ensuring both effective identification of hateful content and understanding why certain decisions are made. One approach to optimize this trade-off is through the use of frameworks like SHIELD, as discussed in the context provided. By leveraging Large Language Models (LLMs) to extract features in the form of rationales, these extracted explanations can enhance interpretability without significantly sacrificing accuracy. To further optimize this trade-off: Feature Selection: Focus on extracting key features or rationales that are most relevant to identifying hate speech while maintaining a balance with model performance. Model Architecture: Designing a model architecture that allows for incorporating LLM-extracted rationales effectively into the training process without compromising overall performance. Regularization Techniques: Implement regularization techniques such as dropout or weight decay to prevent overfitting while still allowing for faithful interpretation by design. Ensemble Methods: Utilize ensemble methods where multiple models with varying degrees of complexity are combined to achieve a balance between accuracy and interpretability. Human-in-the-Loop Approaches: Incorporate human feedback mechanisms during model training or evaluation to ensure that interpretations align with human judgment standards, thus improving both accuracy and interpretability.

How can automated methods be improved to evaluate the quality of LLM-extracted rationales more effectively?

Automated methods play a vital role in evaluating the quality of LLM-extracted rationales efficiently and accurately. To enhance these evaluation processes: Semantic Similarity Metrics: Use advanced semantic similarity metrics like cosine similarity or overlap similarity coefficients to compare LLM-extracted rationales with human-annotated ones quantitatively. Natural Language Processing Techniques: Apply NLP techniques such as named entity recognition, sentiment analysis, or topic modeling on extracted rationales for deeper insights into their relevance and coherence. Crowdsourcing Validation: Leverage crowdsourcing platforms to validate extracted rationales by collecting annotations from multiple annotators, thereby ensuring diverse perspectives on rationale quality. Adversarial Testing : Employ adversarial testing methodologies where generated examples challenge the robustness of LLMs' rationale extraction capabilities under different scenarios. 5 .Fine-tuning Strategies: Fine-tune pre-trained language models specifically for rationale extraction tasks using annotated datasets tailored towards assessing rationale quality.

What are potential risks associated with using large language models for detecting hateful content?

While large language models (LLMs) offer significant advancements in detecting hateful content, several risks need consideration: 1 .Bias Amplification: If not properly trained or validated, LLMs may inadvertently amplify biases present in training data when used for detecting hateful content. 2 .Misinterpretation: There's a risk that LLMs might misinterpret context leading them to incorrectly identify non-hateful text as offensive due to complex linguistic nuances. 3 .Privacy Concerns: The utilization of personal data within hate speech detection could raise privacy concerns if not handled ethically or securely by large language models. 4 .Scalability Challenges: Deploying large language models at scale may pose challenges related to computational resources required which could limit accessibility especially across smaller organizations or regions lacking infrastructure support. 5 .Ethical Considerations: Ethical dilemmas surrounding freedom of expression versus censorship arise when employing AI systems like LLMs for monitoring online behavior which necessitates careful ethical guidelines implementation.