The article presents a formalization approach for the Business Process Modeling Notation (BPMN) that utilizes a higher-order transformation to generate graph transformation systems. The key highlights are:
State Structure: The authors define an execution metamodel to represent the state structure during BPMN model execution, focusing on the concept of tokens.
State-Changing Elements: The authors use a higher-order transformation to generate graph transformation rules for each state-changing element in a BPMN model, such as activities, gateways, and events.
Model Checking: The generated graph transformation systems can be used to check general BPMN properties, like safeness and soundness, as well as custom properties defined by the modeler using atomic propositions and temporal logic.
BPMN Analyzer Tool: The authors have implemented their approach in an open-source, web-based tool called the BPMN Analyzer, which allows modelers to define BPMN models, create custom atomic propositions, and check both general and custom properties.
Performance Testing: The authors have evaluated the performance and scalability of their approach using both real-world BPMN models and synthetically generated models of increasing complexity.
The formalization covers a wide range of BPMN elements and supports the checking of behavioral properties to uncover control-flow errors in BPMN models, which can help reduce the cost of business process automation.
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