The study examines differential pricing practices in European mobile network operators (MNOs) regarding zero-rating. It highlights the importance of transparency, classification metrics, and potential misclassification issues. The research aims to provide insights for stakeholders and regulatory authorities.
The study delves into the technical aspects of zero-rating offers by conducting controlled experiments across different operators in the EU. It reveals potential problematic behaviors related to traffic differentiation and roaming scenarios. The analysis focuses on classification metrics used by operators for popular applications like WhatsApp, Snapchat, Messenger, and Facebook.
By evaluating over 300 experiments domestically and internationally, the study uncovers discrepancies in zero-rating implementation among operators. It emphasizes the need for correct classification to prevent customer billing errors. The research also addresses emerging technologies like IPv6 and HTTP3 that impact data traffic classification.
Furthermore, the study discusses ethical considerations in conducting active measurements within live systems. It outlines methodologies to detect IP-based and hostname-based classifications while highlighting operator practices during roaming scenarios. The results underscore the importance of accurate zero-rating practices for consumer protection.
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arxiv.org
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by Gabriel Karl... at arxiv.org 03-14-2024
https://arxiv.org/pdf/2403.08066.pdfDeeper Inquiries