
난관은 정자와 배아의 존재에 따라 시간과 공간에 따라 역동적으로 분자적 특성을 변화시킨다.


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The oviduct is the site of fertilization and preimplantation embryo development in mammals. Evidence suggests that gametes alter oviductal gene expression. To delineate the adaptive interactions between the oviduct and gamete/embryo, we performed a multi-omics characterization of oviductal tissues utilizing bulk RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq), single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq), and proteomics collected from distal and proximal at various stages after mating in mice. We observed robust region-specific transcriptional signatures. Specifically, the presence of sperm induces genes involved in pro-inflammatory responses in the proximal region at 0.5 days post-coitus (dpc). Genes involved in inflammatory responses were produced specifically by secretory epithelial cells in the oviduct. At 1.5 and 2.5 dpc, genes involved in pyruvate and glycolysis were enriched in the proximal region, potentially providing metabolic support for developing embryos. Abundant proteins in the oviductal fluid were differentially observed between naturally fertilized and superovulated samples. RNA-seq data were used to identify transcription factors predicted to influence protein abundance in the proteomic data via a novel machine learning model based on transformers of integrating transcriptomics and proteomics data. The transformers identified influential transcription factors and correlated predictive protein expressions in alignment with the in vivo -derived data. In conclusion, our multi-omics characterization and subsequent in vivo confirmation of proteins/RNAs indicate that the oviduct is adaptive and responsive to the presence of sperm and embryos in a spatiotemporal manner.

Significance Statement We conducted a detailed molecular study of how the oviduct changes its gene expression and protein production in response to sperm and embryos after mating in mice. We found that the oviduct has distinct molecular signatures in different regions - upper versus lower regions. Shortly after mating, inflammatory responses are turned on in the lower regions due to the presence of sperm. A bit later, metabolic genes ramp up in the lower regions, likely to provide nutrients for the developing embryos. Overall, this multi-omics study revealed the oviduct dynamically adapts its molecular makeup over time and space to accommodate and support sperm, eggs and embryos.

### Competing Interest Statement

The authors have declared no competing interest.

Multi-omics analyses and machine learning prediction of oviductal responses in the presence of gametes and embryos

자연-수정-과정에서-난관의-다중-오믹스-분석-및-기계-학습-예측


자연 수정 과정에서 난관의 다중 오믹스 분석 및 기계 학습 예측


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사람 장관에서 수염 세포는 방사선 손상에 대한 예비 줄기세포 풀로 작용한다.


Four distinct tuft cell states are identified by combining analysis of primary human intestinal resection material and organoids, and studying tuft cell development shows that they represent a damage-induced reserve intestinal stem cell pool in humans.

Tuft cells act as regenerative stem cells in the human intestine - Nature

사람-장관에서-재생-줄기세포로-작용하는-수염-세포


사람 장관에서 재생 줄기세포로 작용하는 수염 세포



포유류 난소와 난자에는 생식 수명 전반에 걸쳐 예외적으로 오래 지속되는 단백질, 구조 및 거대분자가 존재한다.


The mechanisms contributing to age-related deterioration of the female reproductive system are complex, however aberrant protein homeostasis is a major contributor. We elucidated exceptionally stable proteins, structures, and macromolecules that persist in mammalian ovaries and gametes across the reproductive lifespan. Ovaries exhibit localized structural and cell-type specific enrichment of stable macromolecules in both the follicular and extrafollicular environments. Moreover, ovaries and oocytes both harbor a panel of exceptionally long-lived proteins, including cytoskeletal, mitochondrial, and oocyte-derived proteins. The exceptional persistence of these long-lived molecules suggest a critical role in lifelong maintenance and age-dependent deterioration of reproductive tissues.

One sentence summary Exceptionally long-lived macromolecules in mammalian ovaries and oocytes as pillars for lifelong reproductive health span.

### Competing Interest Statement

The authors have declared no competing interest.

Exceptional longevity of mammalian ovarian and oocyte macromolecules throughout the reproductive lifespan

포유류-난소와-난자-거대분자의-생식-수명-전반에-걸친-예외적인-장수


포유류 난소와 난자 거대분자의 생식 수명 전반에 걸친 예외적인 장수



박테리아는 유전자 역전이라는 전략을 통해 빠르게 유전적 변화를 일으켜 환경 변화에 적응할 수 있다.


Bacterial mechanism to diversify the proteins encoded by a gene.

Jekyll and Hyde flip of the script when bacteria invert gene sequences

박테리아가-유전자-서열을-역전시킬-때-나타나는-지크-앤-하이드의-반전


박테리아가 유전자 서열을 역전시킬 때 나타나는 지크 앤 하이드의 반전



박테리오파지는 박테리아의 다양한 항바이러스 방어 시스템을 극복하기 위해 NAD+를 재구성하는 독특한 면역 회피 전략을 가지고 있다.


A study shows that many phages are capable of evading antiphage defence systems of bacteria by reconstituting NAD+ from its degradation products in infected cells.

Phages reconstitute NAD+ to counter bacterial immunity - Nature

박테리아-면역을-극복하기-위해-박테리오파지가-nad-를-재구성하는-방법


박테리아 면역을 극복하기 위해 박테리오파지가 NAD+를 재구성하는 방법



AARS1과 AARS2는 세포 내 l-락테이트 센서로 작용하여 cGAS의 락틸화와 불활성화를 매개한다.


The tRNA synthases AARS1 and AARS2 are identified as evolutionarily conserved sensors of intracellular l-lactate to mediate the global lysine lactylome.

AARS1 and AARS2 sense l-lactate to regulate cGAS as global lysine lactyltransferases - Nature

l-락테이트가-cgas의-전반적인-라이신-락틸화-효소로-작용하는-aars1-및-aars2의-역할


l-락테이트가 cGAS의 전반적인 라이신 락틸화 효소로 작용하는 AARS1 및 AARS2의 역할



남극 빙하를 여름 열기로부터 보호하는 데에는 작은 생물체들이 중요한 역할을 한다.


Sometimes, the tiniest things bring the biggest impacts

You’ll Never Guess What’s Shielding Antarctica’s Ice from Summer Heat

남극-빙하를-여름-열기로부터-보호하는-놀라운-요인


남극 빙하를 여름 열기로부터 보호하는 놀라운 요인



대부분의 사람들에게 눈썹에 진드기가 살고 있다는 것이 일반적인 사실이다.


So small you likely can’t see them. And maybe beneficial. Up to a point. Here’s what to know.

What’s in Your Eyelashes? Probably Lots of Mites.

눈썹에-있는-것은-무엇일까요-아마도-많은-진드기들


눈썹에 있는 것은 무엇일까요? 아마도 많은 진드기들



성인 파리 단계를 기생하는 새로운 기생성 벌 종이 발견되었다.


A study reports the discovery of a parasitoid wasp species that uses the adult stage of Drosophila fruit flies as its host.

Drosophila are hosts to the first described parasitoid wasp of adult flies - Nature

성인-파리의-첫-번째-기생성-벌-발견


성인 파리의 첫 번째 기생성 벌 발견



가스데르민 D는 대식세포에서 11,12-epoxyeicosatrienoic acid (11,12-EET)라는 생물활성 오일리핀을 분비하여 근육 줄기세포의 활성화와 증식을 촉진함으로써 조직 수복을 가속화한다.


Gasdermin D-mediated metabolic crosstalk promotes tissue repair - Nature

가스데르민-d-매개-대사-상호작용이-조직-수복을-촉진한다


가스데르민 D 매개 대사 상호작용이 조직 수복을 촉진한다
