Full-Duplex Joint Communications and Sensing (JCAS) for 6G and Beyond: A Comprehensive Analysis of Opportunities, Challenges, and Future Directions

Full-duplex joint communications and sensing (JCAS) technology, which integrates communication and radar functionalities within a unified platform, holds immense potential for 6G and beyond, offering significant improvements in spectral efficiency, low-latency communication, and sensing capabilities, but also presents unique challenges in waveform design, channel estimation, interference management, signal processing, and security.