
Neurofeedback training can effectively increase the rate of hippocampal sharp-wave ripples and associated memory replay events during a targeted time period, without impairing overall task performance.


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Hippocampal replay – the time-compressed, sequential reactivation of ensembles of neurons related to past experience – is a key neural mechanism of memory consolidation. Replay typically coincides with a characteristic pattern of local field potential activity, the sharp-wave ripple (SWR). Reduced SWR rates are associated with cognitive impairment in multiple models of neurodegenerative disease, suggesting that a clinically viable intervention to promote SWRs and replay would prove beneficial. We therefore developed a neurofeedback paradigm for rat subjects in which SWR detection triggered rapid positive feedback in the context of a memory-dependent task. This training protocol increased the prevalence of task-relevant replay during the targeted neurofeedback period by changing the temporal dynamics of SWR occurrence. This increase was also associated with neural and behavioral forms of compensation after the targeted period. These findings reveal short-timescale regulation of SWR generation and demonstrate that neurofeedback is an effective strategy for modulating hippocampal replay.

### Competing Interest Statement

U.S. Patent Application No. 62/887,875 on SWR modulation via neurofeedback has been filed by the University of California, San Francisco with A.K.G. and L.M.F. listed as inventors.

Neurofeedback training can modulate task-relevant memory replay rate in rats

neurofeedback-training-enhances-hippocampal-sharp-wave-ripple-occurrence-and-replay-in-rats


Neurofeedback Training Enhances Hippocampal Sharp-Wave Ripple Occurrence and Replay in Rats
