Kronos introduces a new transaction type, cross-shard transactions, which pose challenges to security and efficiency in sharding blockchains. The protocol implements a "buffer" mechanism for atomic cross-shard transaction processing, ensuring security and optimal intra-shard communication overhead. It also reduces transaction invalidity proof generation complexity and inter-shard message complexity for cross-shard transactions. Kronos operates without time or client honesty assumptions, achieving high throughput and low latency in extensive experiments.
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