The authors present lattice QCD results on first and second order cumulants of net baryon-number (B), strangeness (S) and electric charge (Q) along the pseudo-critical line (Tpc(μB)) in the temperature (T)-baryon chemical potential (μB) phase diagram of (2+1)-flavor QCD. They find that violations of sum rules among second order cumulants, which hold in the isospin symmetric limit of vanishing electric charge chemical potential, are small along the Tpc(μB) for the entire range of μB covered in the RHIC beam energy scan.
The authors compare their lattice QCD results for χBS
11/χS
2 along the Tpc(μB) line with preliminary experimental measurements of χBS
11/χS
2 for collision energies 7.7 GeV ≤√sNN ≤62.4 GeV. While they find good agreements for √sNN ≥39 GeV, differences are sizeable at smaller values of √sNN.
The authors also compare lattice QCD results for the ratio of the strangeness (μS) to baryon (μB) chemical potentials, which define a strangeness neutral system with fixed electric charge to baryon number density, with experimental results obtained by the STAR collaboration using strange baryon yields on the freeze-out line.
Finally, the authors determine the baryon chemical potential at the freeze-out (μf
B) by comparing χB
1/χB
2 along the Tpc(μB) with the experimentally measured net-proton cumulants χp
1/χp
2. They find that {μf
B, Tpc(μf
B)} are consistent with the freeze-out parameters of the statistical-model fits to experimentally measured hadron yields for √sNN ≥11.5 GeV.
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