Generating Consistent 360° Panoramic Images from Text Prompts

核心概念

A novel dual-branch diffusion model, PanFusion, is proposed to generate high-quality and consistent 360° panoramic images from text prompts by leveraging the global layout guidance of the panorama branch and the rich prior knowledge of perspective image generation in the Stable Diffusion model.

要約

The paper introduces PanFusion, a dual-branch diffusion model for generating high-quality and consistent 360° panoramic images from text prompts. The key insights are:

Data Scarcity and Geometric Variations: Generating 360° panoramic images from text prompts is challenging due to the scarcity of text-panorama image pairs and the significant geometric and domain differences between panoramic and perspective images.

Dual-Branch Architecture: PanFusion consists of a panorama branch and a perspective branch. The panorama branch provides global layout guidance, while the perspective branch exploits the rich prior knowledge of the Stable Diffusion model for perspective image generation.

Equirectangular-Perspective Projection Attention (EPPA): An EPPA module is introduced to enhance the interaction between the two branches by establishing a novel correspondence between the global panorama and local perspective representations, addressing the unique projection challenges of panorama synthesis.

Joint Latent Map Initialization: The latent maps of the panorama and perspective branches are jointly initialized to ensure consistent overlapping regions between different views.

Layout-Conditioned Generation: The panorama branch of PanFusion can be easily leveraged to accommodate supplementary control inputs at the panorama level, such as room layout, allowing for the creation of images that adhere to precise spatial conditions.

Extensive experiments demonstrate that PanFusion outperforms previous methods in terms of image quality, consistency, and layout adherence for text-driven 360° panorama generation.

統計

"Generative models, e.g., Stable Diffusion, have enabled the creation of photorealistic images from text prompts."
"The availability of text-to-panorama image pairs [20, 47] is significantly less compared with the abundance of text-to-common image pairs [38, 39]."
"Panorama images are distinct not only in their aspect ratio (2 : 1) but also in the underlying equirectangular projection (ERP) geometry [58]."

引用

"To mitigate the scarcity of panorama-specific training data, the previous solutions follow a common principle that leverages the prior knowledge of the pre-trained generative model [17, 20, 47]."
"MVDiffusion [47] proposes to produce multiple perspective images simultaneously by introducing a correspondence-aware attention module to facilitate multiview consistency, and then stitch together the perspective images to form a complete panorama. Despite the improved performance, the pixel-level consistency between neighboring perspectives in MVDiffusion cannot ensure global consistency, often resulting in repetitive elements or semantic inconsistency, as illustrated in Fig. 1."

抽出されたキーインサイト

Taming Stable Diffusion for Text to 360° Panorama Image Generation

by Cheng Zhang,... 場所 arxiv.org 04-12-2024

https://arxiv.org/pdf/2404.07949.pdf

深掘り質問

How can the dual-branch architecture of PanFusion be extended to other image generation tasks beyond panoramic images, such as multi-view synthesis or 3D scene generation?

The dual-branch architecture of PanFusion can be extended to other image generation tasks by adapting the model to handle different input modalities and output formats. For multi-view synthesis, the panorama branch can be modified to generate multiple perspective views simultaneously, similar to the approach used in MVDiffusion. The perspective branch can focus on refining the details and textures of each view, ensuring consistency and coherence across the generated images. By incorporating a similar cross-attention mechanism and joint latent map initialization, the model can effectively synthesize multi-view images with improved quality and realism.
For 3D scene generation, the dual-branch architecture can be further enhanced to incorporate depth information and spatial relationships between objects. The panorama branch can be adapted to generate a 3D scene representation from a text prompt, while the perspective branch can focus on rendering detailed views of specific objects within the scene. By integrating additional modules for depth estimation and spatial reasoning, the model can generate immersive 3D scenes with accurate object placements and realistic textures.

How can the potential limitations of the EPPA mechanism be further improved to handle more complex geometric transformations between the panorama and perspective domains?

The EPPA mechanism in PanFusion plays a crucial role in facilitating information exchange between the panorama and perspective branches. To address potential limitations and improve its effectiveness in handling complex geometric transformations, several enhancements can be considered:

Adaptive Attention: Introduce adaptive attention mechanisms that dynamically adjust the attention weights based on the content of the input images. This can help the model focus on relevant regions during the information passing process, improving alignment and consistency between the branches.

Hierarchical Attention: Implement a hierarchical attention mechanism that operates at multiple levels of abstraction. By incorporating both global and local attention mechanisms, the model can capture fine-grained details while maintaining a holistic understanding of the scene structure.

Spatial Transformer Networks: Integrate spatial transformer networks to learn spatial transformations between different image domains. This can help the model align features more effectively, especially when dealing with non-linear distortions or perspective shifts.

Adversarial Training: Utilize adversarial training techniques to encourage the EPPA module to generate more realistic and coherent transformations between the panorama and perspective views. By incorporating adversarial loss functions, the model can learn to produce visually consistent results across different domains.

Given the success of PanFusion in leveraging room layout information for panorama generation, how could this approach be applied to enable fine-grained control over the generated content, such as the placement and properties of specific objects within the scene?

To enable fine-grained control over the generated content, such as object placement and properties within the scene, the approach used in PanFusion can be extended in the following ways:

Object-Level Conditioning: Introduce object-level conditioning mechanisms that allow users to specify the placement, appearance, and attributes of individual objects within the scene. By incorporating object embeddings or masks as additional inputs, the model can generate customized panoramas with specific objects at desired locations.

Interactive Editing: Implement interactive editing interfaces that enable users to interactively manipulate the generated scene by directly adjusting object positions, orientations, and properties. This real-time feedback loop can enhance user control and creativity in scene composition.

Semantic Segmentation Guidance: Incorporate semantic segmentation information to guide the generation process and ensure that objects are placed in contextually appropriate locations within the scene. By leveraging semantic cues, the model can generate scenes that adhere to spatial constraints and semantic consistency.

Constraint Optimization: Integrate optimization techniques to enforce spatial constraints and object relationships within the scene. By formulating the generation process as a constrained optimization problem, the model can generate panoramas that adhere to user-defined rules and preferences.

By incorporating these advanced features and techniques, PanFusion can be extended to provide fine-grained control over the generated content, allowing users to create customized and realistic scenes with precise object placement and properties.