핵심 개념
Teleoperation can provide a fallback solution to address automated vehicle disengagements by enabling a human remote operator to support or substitute automated driving functions.
초록
The paper establishes a basis for comparing teleoperation concepts through a literature overview on automated vehicle disengagements and existing studies on teleoperation concept comparisons. An expert workshop is then conducted to evaluate different teleoperation concepts using a selection of automated vehicle disengagement scenarios and performance metrics.
The key highlights from the paper are:
Automated vehicle disengagements can occur due to failures in the perception, path planning, trajectory planning, or lane detection modules of the automated driving system. These disengagements require remote assistance to safely resume the vehicle's mission.
Literature review identified various teleoperation concepts, which can be categorized into Remote Driving (e.g., Direct Control, Shared Control, Trajectory Guidance) and Remote Assistance (e.g., Waypoint Guidance, Collaborative Planning, Perception Modification).
The expert workshop evaluated the teleoperation concepts based on metrics like task completion time, risk induced by human error, robustness against network instability, controllability, and mental demand.
The results suggest that a holistic teleoperation system should include Shared Control, Collaborative Planning, and Perception Modification concepts to address a wide range of automated vehicle disengagements in a safe and efficient manner.
Limitations include the assumptions made, the number of participants and scenarios evaluated, and the conceptual presentation of the teleoperation concepts rather than a real-world implementation.
통계
The average velocity of the vehicle in the scenarios was not provided.
The number of collisions in the scenarios was not reported.
인용구
"Teleoperation is a popular solution to remotely support highly automated vehicles through a human remote operator whenever a disengagement of the automated driving system is present."
"There are different approaches to support automated driving functions on various levels, commonly known as teleoperation concepts."