Assessing Uncertainty Measures for Language Models: A Rank-Calibration Approach

핵심 개념

Uncertainty measures for language models should be evaluated based on their ability to accurately reflect the expected correctness of generated outputs, without relying on ad hoc thresholding of correctness scores.

초록

The content discusses the importance of correctly quantifying the uncertainty of language models (LMs), as they often generate incorrect or hallucinated responses. While various uncertainty measures have been proposed, such as semantic entropy, affinity-graph-based measures, and verbalized confidence, they differ greatly in their output ranges and it is unclear how to compare them.
The authors introduce a novel framework, termed Rank-Calibration, to assess the quality of uncertainty and confidence measures for LMs. The key idea is that lower uncertainty (or higher confidence) should imply higher generation quality, on average. The Rank-Calibration Error (RCE) is proposed as a metric to quantify deviations from this ideal relationship, without requiring ad hoc binary thresholding of the correctness score.
The authors demonstrate the broader applicability and granular interpretability of their methods through experiments on various datasets and language models, including Llama-2-7b, Llama-2-7b-chat, and GPT-3.5-turbo. They also conduct comprehensive ablation studies to examine the robustness of their assessment framework.

통계

The content does not provide any specific numerical data or statistics. It focuses on the conceptual framework of rank-calibration and the limitations of existing assessment methods for uncertainty measures in language models.

인용구

None.

핵심 통찰 요약

Uncertainty in Language Models

by Xinmeng Huan... 게시일 arxiv.org 04-05-2024

https://arxiv.org/pdf/2404.03163.pdf

더 깊은 질문

How can the rank-calibration framework be extended to handle multi-modal uncertainty measures that combine different modalities (e.g., text, images, and audio)?

In extending the rank-calibration framework to handle multi-modal uncertainty measures, we need to consider the unique challenges posed by combining different modalities such as text, images, and audio. One approach could involve developing a unified metric that can assess uncertainty across multiple modalities. This metric would need to account for the inherent differences in uncertainty estimation for each modality and provide a comprehensive evaluation of the combined uncertainty.
To achieve this, we can adapt the rank-calibration framework to incorporate multi-modal uncertainty measures by considering the following steps:

Modality-specific Uncertainty Measures: Develop uncertainty measures tailored to each modality (text, images, audio) based on their unique characteristics and challenges.
Integration of Modalities: Combine the modality-specific uncertainty measures into a unified multi-modal uncertainty measure that captures the overall uncertainty across different modalities.
Rank-Calibration for Multi-Modal Uncertainty: Define a regression function that can handle multi-modal uncertainty values and assess the relationship between uncertainty levels and generation quality across modalities.
Empirical RCE for Multi-Modal Uncertainty: Implement an empirical RCE approach that can estimate the rank-calibration error for multi-modal uncertainty measures, considering the relative ranks of uncertainty levels and correctness across different modalities.

By extending the rank-calibration framework to handle multi-modal uncertainty measures, we can provide a more comprehensive evaluation of uncertainty in models that operate across diverse modalities, enabling a more nuanced understanding of model performance and reliability.

How can the rank-calibration framework be extended to handle multi-modal uncertainty measures that combine different modalities (e.g., text, images, and audio)?

In extending the rank-calibration framework to handle multi-modal uncertainty measures, we need to consider the unique challenges posed by combining different modalities such as text, images, and audio. One approach could involve developing a unified metric that can assess uncertainty across multiple modalities. This metric would need to account for the inherent differences in uncertainty estimation for each modality and provide a comprehensive evaluation of the combined uncertainty.
To achieve this, we can adapt the rank-calibration framework to incorporate multi-modal uncertainty measures by considering the following steps:

Modality-specific Uncertainty Measures: Develop uncertainty measures tailored to each modality (text, images, audio) based on their unique characteristics and challenges.
Integration of Modalities: Combine the modality-specific uncertainty measures into a unified multi-modal uncertainty measure that captures the overall uncertainty across different modalities.
Rank-Calibration for Multi-Modal Uncertainty: Define a regression function that can handle multi-modal uncertainty values and assess the relationship between uncertainty levels and generation quality across modalities.
Empirical RCE for Multi-Modal Uncertainty: Implement an empirical RCE approach that can estimate the rank-calibration error for multi-modal uncertainty measures, considering the relative ranks of uncertainty levels and correctness across different modalities.

By extending the rank-calibration framework to handle multi-modal uncertainty measures, we can provide a more comprehensive evaluation of uncertainty in models that operate across diverse modalities, enabling a more nuanced understanding of model performance and reliability.

How can the rank-calibration framework be extended to handle multi-modal uncertainty measures that combine different modalities (e.g., text, images, and audio)?

In extending the rank-calibration framework to handle multi-modal uncertainty measures, we need to consider the unique challenges posed by combining different modalities such as text, images, and audio. One approach could involve developing a unified metric that can assess uncertainty across multiple modalities. This metric would need to account for the inherent differences in uncertainty estimation for each modality and provide a comprehensive evaluation of the combined uncertainty.
To achieve this, we can adapt the rank-calibration framework to incorporate multi-modal uncertainty measures by considering the following steps:

Modality-specific Uncertainty Measures: Develop uncertainty measures tailored to each modality (text, images, audio) based on their unique characteristics and challenges.
Integration of Modalities: Combine the modality-specific uncertainty measures into a unified multi-modal uncertainty measure that captures the overall uncertainty across different modalities.
Rank-Calibration for Multi-Modal Uncertainty: Define a regression function that can handle multi-modal uncertainty values and assess the relationship between uncertainty levels and generation quality across modalities.
Empirical RCE for Multi-Modal Uncertainty: Implement an empirical RCE approach that can estimate the rank-calibration error for multi-modal uncertainty measures, considering the relative ranks of uncertainty levels and correctness across different modalities.

By extending the rank-calibration framework to handle multi-modal uncertainty measures, we can provide a more comprehensive evaluation of uncertainty in models that operate across diverse modalities, enabling a more nuanced understanding of model performance and reliability.