Federated Learning with Global and Local Prompts Cooperation via Optimal Transport

핵심 개념

The author presents Federated Prompts Cooperation via Optimal Transport (FedOTP) as a solution to address data heterogeneity in federated learning by integrating global and local prompts using unbalanced Optimal Transport. FedOTP effectively balances global consensus and local personalization, outperforming state-of-the-art methods.

초록

Federated learning faces challenges due to data heterogeneities like label and feature shifts. FedOTP introduces efficient prompt learning strategies using unbalanced Optimal Transport to align visual features with global and local prompts, achieving superior performance across various datasets. The method combines global consensus with client-specific traits, demonstrating the effectiveness of the approach through extensive experiments.

통계

Extensive experiments on datasets with various types of heterogeneities have demonstrated that our FedOTP outperforms the state-of-the-art methods. The communication round is set to T = 10 for CLIP datasets with 10 clients and T = 150 for CIFAR-10/CIFAR-100 datasets with 100 clients. The Dirichlet Distribution was used to partition datasets among clients based on a symmetric distribution with α = 0.3. In scenarios involving both feature shifts and label shifts, FedOTP consistently outperformed baselines across all datasets. Results showed that classical OT during the matching process led to improved performance compared to similarity averaging or no OT.

인용구

"We propose FedOTP, a federated learning framework utilizing unbalanced OT to enhance the cooperation between global and local prompts." "Our extensive experiments across diverse datasets consistently demonstrate the superior performance of FedOTP in tackling both label shifts and feature shifts."

핵심 통찰 요약

Global and Local Prompts Cooperation via Optimal Transport for Federated Learning

by Hongxia Li,W... 게시일 arxiv.org 03-04-2024

https://arxiv.org/pdf/2403.00041.pdf

더 깊은 질문

How can Federated Learning be further optimized beyond the capabilities of FedOTP?

To optimize Federated Learning beyond the capabilities of FedOTP, several strategies can be considered: Dynamic Client Selection: Implementing a dynamic client selection mechanism based on client performance metrics or data quality could enhance model training efficiency and accuracy. Adaptive Learning Rates: Introducing adaptive learning rates for individual clients based on their data distribution characteristics can help in faster convergence and better model performance. Advanced Model Aggregation Techniques: Exploring more sophisticated model aggregation techniques such as knowledge distillation or ensemble methods could lead to improved global model updates in federated settings. Privacy-Preserving Techniques: Integrating advanced privacy-preserving techniques like secure multi-party computation or homomorphic encryption to ensure data security and confidentiality during the federated learning process. Cross-Domain Knowledge Transfer: Leveraging cross-domain knowledge transfer approaches to enable models trained on one domain to benefit from insights learned in another domain, enhancing overall generalization capability across diverse datasets. By incorporating these advanced strategies along with the collaborative prompt learning approach of FedOTP, Federated Learning can achieve even higher levels of efficiency, scalability, and performance.

What are potential drawbacks or limitations of relying heavily on prompt-based approaches in federated learning?

While prompt-based approaches offer flexibility and adaptability in leveraging pre-trained models for downstream tasks in federated learning, they also come with certain drawbacks: Limited Task Specificity: Prompt-based methods may struggle with capturing highly task-specific nuances compared to traditional fine-tuning approaches, potentially leading to suboptimal performance on certain tasks that require specialized features. Increased Computational Overhead: Training prompts alongside pre-trained models adds an extra computational burden during both local training at clients' ends and global aggregation at the server's end, which could impact overall system efficiency. Vulnerability to Noisy Prompts: If prompts are not carefully designed or updated appropriately during training iterations, they might introduce noise into the learning process, affecting model convergence and final performance negatively. Dependency on Quality Data Annotation: Prompt-based methods heavily rely on well-crafted prompts that accurately represent task requirements; any inaccuracies or biases in these prompts could propagate through the entire training process leading to biased models. Scalability Challenges: Scaling up prompt-based federated learning systems across a large number of clients while maintaining prompt consistency and relevance poses significant challenges that need careful consideration.

How might advancements in optimal transport algorithms impact other areas of machine learning beyond federated learning?

Advancements in optimal transport algorithms have broader implications across various domains within machine learning: Domain Adaptation: Optimal transport algorithms can significantly improve domain adaptation tasks by efficiently aligning distributions between different domains without requiring explicit feature mappings. Generative Modeling: In generative modeling tasks like image generation or style transfer, optimal transport algorithms play a crucial role by enabling precise matching between latent spaces for realistic output generation. 3 .Clustering Analysis: Optimal transport algorithms provide robust solutions for clustering analysis by optimizing transportation plans between clusters based on underlying similarities/dissimilarities among data points. 4 .Anomaly Detection: Advanced OT techniques aid anomaly detection applications by quantifying discrepancies between normal patterns and outliers effectively using optimal mass transportation principles. 5 .Causal Inference: Optimal transport methodologies contribute towards causal inference studies by facilitating accurate estimation of causal effects through distribution matching mechanisms. 6 .Reinforcement Learning (RL): In RL scenarios where policy optimization is critical,optimal transport offers efficient ways to compare policies via Wasserstein distances,making it easier tounderstand policy changes over time Overall,the progress madein optimaltransportalgorithmsis poisedto revolutionizevarious aspectsacrossmachinelearning,suchasimprovingmodelgeneralization,cross-domaintransferlearning,andenhancingtheefficiencyofcomplexdataanalysisandprocessingtasksbeyondjustfederatedlearningcontexts