Efficient Chinese Chest X-Ray Report Generation Enabled by a Robust Disease Labeler

핵심 개념

A dual BERT architecture with hierarchical label learning is proposed to accurately annotate disease labels in Chinese chest X-ray reports, enabling the construction of a large-scale Chinese chest X-ray report dataset.

초록

This study addresses the lack of Chinese chest X-ray report disease labelers by constructing a Chinese chest X-ray report disease labeler based on a dual BERT architecture and hierarchical label learning algorithm. The labeler effectively encodes diagnostic reports and clinical information independently, and leverages the hierarchical relationship between diseases and body parts to build a hierarchical label learning algorithm, significantly enhancing the accuracy of disease annotation. Subsequently, a Chinese chest X-ray report dataset (CCXRD) containing 51,262 chest X-ray samples was constructed based on this labeler. Experimental analysis conducted on a Chinese data subset built by experts verified the effectiveness of the proposed disease labeler, outperforming existing models in terms of F1 score, weighted F1 score, Kappa statistic, and weighted Kappa statistic. The key highlights and insights from the study are: The dual BERT architecture allows for independent encoding of diagnostic reports and clinical information, capturing their respective characteristics more effectively. The hierarchical label learning algorithm leverages the affiliation between diseases and body parts, improving the text classification performance. The constructed CCXRD dataset provides a standardized process and a large-scale resource for research on Chinese chest X-ray report generation. Ablation studies and comparisons with various Chinese pre-trained BERT models demonstrate the contributions of the proposed components and the importance of suitable pre-training data.

통계

The dataset constructed in this study, CCXRD, contains a total of 51,262 chest X-ray images and corresponding radiological reports. The dataset is randomly divided into training, validation, and test sets in an 8:1:1 ratio, with 47,886 samples in the training set, 2,403 samples in the validation set, and 2,404 samples in the test set.

인용구

"The dual BERT encoder used in this study is based on the BERT-Base architecture, with initial weights inherited from MedBERT-kd, and all layers were fine-tuned." "The results show that the removal of either the hierarchical labels algorithm or the dual BERT encoder led to a significant decrease in F1 score and Kappa statistic." "The experimental results indicate that, while the general-purpose GPT-3.5 and GPT-4 models demonstrated unexpectedly good performance, with GPT-4 showing a significant improvement in inference capability over GPT-3.5, there is still a gap compared to the method of this study."

핵심 통찰 요약

A Disease Labeler for Chinese Chest X-Ray Report Generation

by Mengwei Wang... 게시일 arxiv.org 04-29-2024

https://arxiv.org/pdf/2404.16852.pdf

더 깊은 질문

How can the proposed disease labeler be further improved to achieve even higher accuracy and robustness

To further enhance the accuracy and robustness of the proposed disease labeler, several strategies can be implemented: Data Augmentation: Increasing the diversity and quantity of training data through techniques like data augmentation can help the model generalize better to unseen data and improve its performance. Fine-Tuning: Fine-tuning the pre-trained BERT model on a larger and more diverse dataset specific to Chinese chest X-ray reports can help the model capture more nuanced patterns and improve its disease labeling capabilities. Ensemble Learning: Implementing ensemble learning by combining multiple disease labelers or models can help mitigate individual model biases and errors, leading to more accurate and reliable predictions. Active Learning: Incorporating active learning techniques can enable the model to interactively query a human expert for labeling ambiguous or challenging samples, thereby improving its performance over time. Regularization Techniques: Applying regularization techniques such as dropout, batch normalization, or weight decay can prevent overfitting and enhance the model's generalization ability. By implementing these strategies, the disease labeler can achieve higher accuracy and robustness in disease labeling tasks.

What are the potential challenges and limitations in applying the hierarchical label learning approach to other medical text classification tasks

The hierarchical label learning approach, while effective for disease labeling in Chinese chest X-ray reports, may face challenges and limitations when applied to other medical text classification tasks: Complexity of Hierarchical Relationships: In some medical domains, the hierarchical relationships between diseases and body parts may not be as clearly defined or structured as in chest X-ray reports. This could make it challenging to establish a consistent hierarchical label learning algorithm. Limited Generalizability: The hierarchical label learning approach may not generalize well to medical text datasets with different structures or disease taxonomies. Adapting the hierarchical relationships to diverse medical contexts could be complex and time-consuming. Annotation Complexity: Annotating hierarchical labels for a wide range of diseases and body parts in diverse medical texts can be labor-intensive and require domain expertise, making it challenging to scale the approach to large datasets. Model Interpretability: Interpreting the predictions of a model trained using hierarchical label learning may be more complex, as the relationships between diseases and body parts can introduce additional layers of complexity to the classification process. While hierarchical label learning offers benefits in certain contexts, these challenges need to be carefully considered when applying the approach to other medical text classification tasks.

Given the rapid advancements in large language models, how can the CCXRD dataset be leveraged to develop more sophisticated Chinese chest X-ray report generation models that can be deployed in real-world clinical settings

The CCXRD dataset can be leveraged to develop more sophisticated Chinese chest X-ray report generation models for real-world clinical settings in the following ways: Fine-Tuning Pre-trained Models: Utilize the CCXRD dataset to fine-tune pre-trained language models like BERT on Chinese chest X-ray reports. Fine-tuning allows the model to adapt to the specific characteristics of the dataset and improve performance. Domain-Specific Training: Train domain-specific language models on the CCXRD dataset to capture the nuances and complexities of medical language in Chinese chest X-ray reports, enhancing the model's ability to generate accurate and clinically relevant reports. Integration of Clinical Knowledge: Incorporate domain-specific clinical knowledge and guidelines into the model training process to ensure that the generated reports are not only linguistically accurate but also clinically meaningful and actionable for healthcare professionals. Continuous Evaluation and Improvement: Regularly evaluate the performance of the generated reports against expert annotations and clinical standards to identify areas for improvement. Iteratively refine the model based on feedback to enhance the quality and accuracy of the generated reports. By leveraging the CCXRD dataset in these ways, more advanced and reliable Chinese chest X-ray report generation models can be developed for practical use in clinical settings.