Optimizing Dynamic Hybrid Active-Passive Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces for Reliable Massive MIMO Communications under Hardware Impairments

The core message of this article is to investigate the channel-aware configuration of the receive antennas at the base station and the active/passive elements at the dynamic hybrid active-passive reconfigurable intelligent surface (HRIS) to improve the reliability of a massive MIMO system under the impact of hardware impairments.