The content discusses the design of efficient beamforming optimization approaches for a near-field wideband multi-user communication system. The key points are:
The authors investigate near-field beamforming designs that maximize spectral efficiency in wideband multi-user systems employing TTD-based hybrid beamforming architectures. They propose a new sub-connected TTD-based hybrid beamforming architecture to improve energy efficiency and reduce hardware requirements.
They propose a penalty-based full digital approximation (FDA) method for near-field beamforming designs with full channel state information (CSI) in both fully-connected and sub-connected architectures. This approach iteratively optimizes the variables and guarantees convergence to a stationary point.
They also propose a low-complexity heuristic two-stage (HTS) near-field beamforming design method based on a low-complexity channel estimation protocol. The analog beamformer is designed to maximize the line-of-sight (LoS) signal power for each user using partial CSI, and the digital beamformer is then optimized to maximize the spectral efficiency.
Numerical results demonstrate that the proposed methods can effectively eliminate the spatial wideband effect, and the sub-connected architecture achieves higher energy efficiency and more robust performance than the fully-connected architecture.
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