Conceitos essenciais
Citizens demand stronger regulation of AI-based remote biometric identification systems, driven by perceptions of discrimination and distrust in the technology and law enforcement, regardless of the specific use case or temporal aspect.
Resumo
The study investigates public demand for regulating AI-based remote biometric identification (RBI) systems in Germany. It examines how the temporal aspect (post-hoc analysis vs. real-time) and purpose of use (prosecuting criminals vs. securing public events) of RBI systems affect citizens' support for regulatory interventions, such as banning the technology, mandatory auditing, and public database registration.
The key findings are:
Citizens do not differentiate between the different modes of RBI application in terms of their demand for regulation. The temporal aspect and purpose of use do not significantly affect support for regulatory interventions.
Perceptions of discrimination lead to a stronger demand for regulation across all policy proposals. Citizens who perceive RBI systems as discriminatory are more likely to support banning the technology, mandatory auditing, and public database registration.
Trust in AI and trust in law enforcement as the user of RBI systems have opposing effects. Higher trust in AI and law enforcement is associated with lower support for banning RBI, while discrimination perceptions mediate these relationships.
Awareness of the EU AI Act debate is positively associated with support for banning RBI, mediated by heightened discrimination perceptions.
Demographic factors, such as age and gender, also play a role, with older respondents being less supportive of mandatory auditing and female respondents less inclined to favor public database registration of RBI systems.
Overall, the study highlights the importance of addressing public concerns about discrimination and building trust in the technology and its use by authorities to ensure the ethical and responsible development of AI-based surveillance systems.
Estatísticas
If AI-based remote biometric identification systems are used, existing inequalities are reinforced.
The use of AI-based remote biometric identification systems leads to discrimination.
The use of AI-based remote biometric identification systems creates new inequalities.
Citações
"The use of RBI creates injustices."
"RBI systematically puts certain groups of people at a disadvantage."
"Existing inequalities are reinforced by the use of RBI."