Computational Propaganda: Evolving Techniques, Challenges, and the Need for Revised Propaganda Theory

Computational propaganda, the use of algorithms, automation, and human curation to spread misleading information on social media, has become a significant threat to democracy. Classical propaganda theory needs to be revised to address the new modalities of propaganda in the digital age. Bot detection systems face challenges in identifying sophisticated, coordinated bot activities, and require advancements to address the limitations of current approaches.