
본 연구는 뇌 네트워크 데이터에서 신경퇴행성 질환 특이적 패턴을 식별하기 위해 대조 그래프 인코더와 교차 디코더를 결합한 Contrasformer 모델을 제안한다.


coremsg

뇌-네트워크-대조-트랜스포머를-이용한-신경퇴행성-질환-식별


뇌 네트워크 대조 트랜스포머를 이용한 신경퇴행성 질환 식별


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만성 통증 환자의 자기 효능감 저하를 해결하기 위해 가상 현실 기술을 활용하여 감각 불일치를 유발하고 이를 통해 환자의 신체 스키마를 조정함으로써 자기 효능감을 회복시키는 방법을 제안한다.


만성-통증으로-인한-자기-효능감-저하의-조작된-감각-불일치를-통한-회복


만성 통증으로 인한 자기 효능감 저하의 조작된 감각 불일치를 통한 회복



단백질 응집체로 인한 신경세포 손상을 막기 위해 신경세포 간 터널이 형성되어 신경세포 사멸을 늦출 수 있다.


Cell-to-cell tunnels rescue neurons from degeneration

단백질-응집체로-인한-신경세포-퇴행을-막는-세포-간-터널


단백질 응집체로 인한 신경세포 퇴행을 막는 세포 간 터널



운동 피질 신경세포의 두 가지 주요 아형인 ETdist와 ETprox는 발달 과정에서 서로 다른 전사 프로그램에 의해 형성되며, 이를 조절하면 운동 경로의 표적 특이성을 변화시킬 수 있다.


Using cross-areal mapping of axonal projections in the mouse neocortex, we identify the subtype-specific developmental dynamics of extratelencephalic neurons and show the functional transcriptional programs driving extratelencephalic neuron diversity.

Molecular programs guiding arealization of descending cortical pathways - Nature

운동-피질-경로의-지역화를-안내하는-분자-프로그램


운동 피질 경로의 지역화를 안내하는 분자 프로그램



우울증 환자의 전두-선조체 주의 네트워크가 정상인에 비해 약 2배 확장되어 있으며, 이는 기질적 특성으로 나타나고 우울 증상의 변화와 관련된다.


Precision functional mapping shows that the frontostriatal salience network occupies nearly twice as much of the cortex in people with depression, and this was unaffected by mood changes and detected in children before onset of symptoms.

Frontostriatal salience network expansion in individuals in depression - Nature

우울증-환자의-전두-선조체-주의-네트워크-확장


우울증 환자의 전두-선조체 주의 네트워크 확장



안면 표정은 통증 관련 뇌 활성화 패턴을 나타내는 독특한 지표이며, 기존의 통증 관련 뇌 서명들과는 구별되는 정보를 제공한다.


Pain is a private experience observable through various verbal and non-verbal behavioural manifestations, each of which may relate to different pain-related functions. Despite the importance of understanding the cerebral mechanisms underlying those manifestations, there is currently limited knowledge on the neural correlates of the facial expression of pain. In this functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study, noxious heat stimulation was applied in healthy volunteers and we tested if previously published brain signatures of pain were sensitive to pain expression. We then applied a multivariate pattern analysis to the fMRI data to predict the facial expression of pain. Results revealed the inability of previously developed pain neurosignatures to predict the facial expression of pain. We thus propose a Facial Expression of Pain Signature (FEPS) conveying distinctive information about the brain response to nociceptive stimulations with minimal or no overlap with other pain-relevant brain signatures associated with nociception, pain ratings, thermal pain aversiveness, or pain valuation. The FEPS may provide a distinctive functional characterization of the distributed cerebral response to nociceptive pain associated with the socio-communicative role of non-verbal pain expression. This underscores the complexity of pain phenomenology by reinforcing the view that neurosignatures conceived as biomarkers must be interpreted in relation to the specific pain manifestation(s) predicted and their underlying function(s). Future studies should explore other pain-relevant manifestations and assess the specificity of the FEPS against simulated pain expressions and other types of aversive or emotional states.

### Competing Interest Statement

The authors have declared no competing interest.

Participants did not provide informed consent for the sharing of individual data but unthresholded group maps are available upon request. Unthresholded and thresholded FEPS patterns are available on Neurovault (<https://neurovault.org/collections/13924/>). The SIIPS-1, the PVP and the TPAS are available on Github ([https://github.com/canlab/Neuroimaging\_Pattern\_Masks][1]). The NPS is available upon request from T.D.W.

 [1]: https://github.com/canlab/Neuroimaging_Pattern_Masks

A distributed brain response predicting the facial expression of acute nociceptive pain

통증-처리에-대한-뚜렷한-행동-지표로서의-안면-표정


통증 처리에 대한 뚜렷한 행동 지표로서의 안면 표정



의식 수준은 뇌 활동의 유체 역학적 특성과 외부 자극에 대한 반응성으로 설명될 수 있다.


Signatures of consciousness are found in spectral and temporal properties of neuronal activity. Among these, spatiotemporal complexity after a perturbation has recently emerged as a robust metric to infer levels of consciousness. Perturbation paradigms remain, however, difficult to perform routinely. To discover alternative paradigms and metrics we systematically explore brain stimulation and resting-state activity in a digital brain twin model. We find that perturbational complexity only occurs when the brain model operates within a specific dynamical regime, in which spontaneous activity produces a large degree of functional network reorganizations referred to as being fluid. The regime of high brain fluidity is characterized by a small battery of metrics drawn from dynamical systems theory and predicts the impact of consciousness altering drugs (Xenon, Propofol and Ketamine). We validate the predictions in a cohort of 15 subjects at various stages of consciousness and demonstrate their agreement with previously reported perturbational complexity, but in a more accessible paradigm. Beyond the facilitation in clinical use, the metrics highlights complexity properties of brain dynamics in support of emergence of consciousness.

### Competing Interest Statement

The authors have declared no competing interest.

Spatiotemporal brain complexity quantifies consciousness outside of perturbation paradigms

의식-수준과-관련된-대규모-뇌-신호의-유체-역학적-특성-및-반응성


의식 수준과 관련된 대규모 뇌 신호의 유체 역학적 특성 및 반응성



시상-피질 억제 회로는 마우스 일차 시각 피질에서 감각 예측 오류 신호를 생성하는 데 필요하다.


Experiments in mice show that a cortico-thalamic circuit generates prediction-error signals&nbsp;in primary visual cortex that amplify visual input&nbsp;that deviates from animals’&nbsp;expectations.

Cooperative thalamocortical circuit mechanism for sensory prediction errors - Nature

예측-오류에-대한-시상-피질-회로-메커니즘


예측 오류에 대한 시상-피질 회로 메커니즘



초기 생애 경험은 냄새 회로의 구조와 기능에 지속적인 영향을 미치며, 이 과정에서 글리아 세포가 중요한 역할을 한다.


Sensory experience during developmental critical periods has lifelong consequences for circuit function and behavior, but the molecular and cellular mechanisms through which experience causes these changes are not well understood. The Drosophila antennal lobe houses synapses between olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) and downstream projection neurons (PNs) in stereotyped glomeruli. Many glomeruli exhibit structural plasticity in response to early-life odor exposure, indicating a general sensitivity of the fly olfactory circuitry to early sensory experience. We recently found that glia regulate the development of the antennal lobe in young adult flies, leading us to ask if glia also drive experience-dependent plasticity. Here we define a critical period for structural and functional plasticity of OSN-PN synapses in the ethyl butyrate (EB)-sensitive glomerulus VM7. EB exposure for the first two days post-eclosion drives large-scale reductions in glomerular volume, presynapse number, and post-synaptic activity. The highly conserved engulfment receptor Draper is required for this critical period plasticity. Specifically, ensheathing glia upregulate Draper expression, invade the VM7 glomerulus, and phagocytose OSN presynaptic terminals in response to critical-period EB exposure. Crucially, synapse pruning during the critical period has long-term consequences for circuit function since both OSN-PN synapse number and spontaneous activity of PNs remain persistently decreased. These data demonstrate experience-dependent pruning of synapses in olfactory circuitry and argue that the Drosophila antennal lobe will be a powerful model for defining the function of glia in critical period plasticity.

### Competing Interest Statement

The authors have declared no competing interest.

Glia control experience-dependent plasticity in an olfactory critical period

초기-생애-경험이-냄새-회로의-중요한-시기에-미치는-영향을-글리아가-조절한다


초기 생애 경험이 냄새 회로의 중요한 시기에 미치는 영향을 글리아가 조절한다



자유 수영 중인 송어 자어의 뇌 전체 칼슘 활성도 추적을 통해 텔렌세팔론에서 공간 특이성이 가장 높은 신경세포들을 발견하였고, 이들이 공간 정보를 인코딩하는 집단 코드를 형성함을 확인하였다.


Using a tracking microscope for freely moving animals, the authors discover a population of place cells in the zebrafish brain and demonstrate that a non-amniote brain is capable of integrating allothetic and idiothetic information to create a neural map of space.

A population code for spatial representation in the zebrafish telencephalon - Nature

자유-수영-중인-송어-자어의-뇌-전체-칼슘-활성도-추적을-통한-공간-표상-코드-발견


자유 수영 중인 송어 자어의 뇌 전체 칼슘 활성도 추적을 통한 공간 표상 코드 발견
