
Weeds, often overlooked, possess remarkable resilience and adaptability that can serve as valuable lessons for navigating life's challenges.


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Resilience Unrooted

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Resilience in the Untamed Garden: Lessons from the Tenacity of Weeds


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The most important lessons in applying the Law of Attraction are about the power of intention over action, the need for consistent practice, and the importance of self-awareness and inner transformation.


After 10 Years of Experimenting With the Law of Attraction, Here Are The 4 Most Valuable Lessons…

the-key-lessons-learned-from-a-decade-of-experimenting-with-the-law-of-attraction


The Key Lessons Learned from a Decade of Experimenting with the Law of Attraction



A newly discovered parasitoid wasp species can infect and develop inside adult fruit flies, including the model organism Drosophila melanogaster, providing new research opportunities across the life sciences.


A study reports the discovery of a parasitoid wasp species that uses the adult stage of Drosophila fruit flies as its host.

Drosophila are hosts to the first described parasitoid wasp of adult flies - Nature

discovery-of-a-parasitoid-wasp-species-that-infects-adult-fruit-flies-including-the-model-organism-drosophila-melanogaster


Discovery of a Parasitoid Wasp Species that Infects Adult Fruit Flies, Including the Model Organism Drosophila melanogaster



大規模言語モデルを活用して、進化的多課題最適化のための効果的かつ効率的な知識移転モデルを自動的に設計する。


大規模言語モデルを活用した進化的多課題最適化のための効果的かつ効率的な知識移転モデルの自動設計


The proposed LLM-assisted optimization framework (LLMOF) autonomously generates innovative knowledge transfer models that achieve superior performance in terms of both efficiency and effectiveness across diverse evolutionary multi-task optimization scenarios.


autonomous-design-of-efficient-and-effective-knowledge-transfer-models-for-evolutionary-multi-task-optimization


Autonomous Design of Efficient and Effective Knowledge Transfer Models for Evolutionary Multi-task Optimization



The transformative journey of a butterfly serves as a powerful metaphor for personal growth and resilience, where the struggles and challenges faced during the cocoon stage ultimately lead to the emergence of a beautiful, vibrant creature.


A butterfly cannot see its own wings.

the-transformative-journey-of-a-butterfly-insights-into-personal-growth-and-resilience


The Transformative Journey of a Butterfly: Insights into Personal Growth and Resilience



역전 현상은 두 가지 표현형에 대해 길항적으로 기여하는 변이체를 유지할 수 있으며, 그 중 하나의 표현형은 음의 빈도 의존적 적합도를 가진다. 이러한 조건은 길항적 표현형을 가진 두 개의 우세한 유전자형을 유지하는 형태의 빈도 의존적 이분화 선택을 생성한다.


Chromosomal inversion polymorphisms can be common, but the causes of their persistence are often unclear. We propose a model for the maintenance of inversion polymorphism, which requires that some variants contribute antagonistically to two phenotypes, one of which has negative frequency-dependent fitness. These conditions yield a form of frequency-dependent disruptive selection, favoring two predominant haplotypes segregating alleles that favor opposing antagonistic phenotypes. An inversion associated with one haplotype can reduce the fitness load incurred by generating recombinant offspring, reinforcing its linkage to the haplotype and enabling both haplotypes to accumulate more antagonistic variants than expected otherwise. We develop and apply a forward simulator to examine these dynamics under a tradeoff between survival and male display. These simulations indeed generate inversion-associated haplotypes with opposing sex-specific fitness effects. Antagonism strengthens with time, and can ultimately yield karyotypes at surprisingly predictable frequencies, with striking genotype frequency differences between sexes and between developmental stages. To test whether this model may contribute to well-studied yet enigmatic inversion polymorphisms in Drosophila melanogaster , we track inversion frequencies in laboratory crosses to test whether they influence male reproductive success or survival. We find that two of the four tested inversions show significant evidence for the tradeoff examined, with In(3R)K favoring survival and In(3L)Ok favoring male reproduction. In line with the apparent sex-specific fitness effects implied for both of those inversions, In(3L)Ok was also found to be less costly to the viability and/or longevity of males than females, whereas In(3R)K was more beneficial to female survival. Based on this work, we expect that balancing selection on antagonistically pleiotropic traits may provide a significant and underappreciated contribution to the maintenance of natural inversion polymorphism.

### Competing Interest Statement

The authors have declared no competing interest.

Inversions Can Accumulate Balanced Sexual Antagonism: Evidence from Simulations and Drosophila Experiments

역전-현상이-균형-성적-길항작용을-축적할-수-있음-시뮬레이션-및-drosophila-실험-증거


역전 현상이 균형 성적 길항작용을 축적할 수 있음: 시뮬레이션 및 Drosophila 실험 증거



Inversions can maintain balanced polymorphisms by linking alleles that contribute antagonistically to male reproductive success and survival, generating frequency-dependent disruptive selection.


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Sexually Antagonistic Inversions Can Accumulate in Drosophila melanogaster Populations



The evolutionary modifications of the AGS protein's GoLoco motifs, particularly the GL1 motif, are critical for regulating its localization and function in facilitating micromere formation, a unique asymmetric cell division event in sea urchin embryos.


The evolutionary introduction of asymmetric cell division (ACD) into the developmental program facilitates the formation of a new cell type, contributing to developmental diversity and, eventually, to species diversification. The micromere of the sea urchin embryo may serve as one of those examples: An ACD at the 16-cell stage forms micromeres unique to echinoids among echinoderms. We previously reported that a polarity factor, Activator of G-protein Signaling (AGS), plays a crucial role in micromere formation. However, AGS and its associated ACD factors are present in all echinoderms and across most metazoans, leaving a question of what evolutionary modification of AGS protein or its surrounding molecular environment contributed to the evolutionary acquisition of micromeres only in echinoids. In this study, we learned that the GoLoco motifs at the AGS C-terminus play critical roles in regulating micromere formation in sea urchin embryos. Further, other echinoderms’ AGS or chimeric AGS that contain the C-terminus of AGS orthologs from various organisms showed varied localization and function in micromere formation. In contrast, the sea star or the pencil urchin orthologs of other ACD factors were consistently localized at the vegetal cortex in the sea urchin embryo, suggesting that AGS may be a unique variable factor that facilitates ACD diversity among echinoderms. Consistently, sea urchin AGS appears to facilitate micromere-like cell formation and accelerate the enrichment timing of the germline factor Vasa during early embryogenesis of the pencil urchin, an ancestral type of sea urchin. Based on these observations, we propose that the molecular evolution of a single polarity factor facilitates ACD diversity while preserving the core ACD machinery among echinoderms and beyond during evolution.

Highlights 

### Competing Interest Statement

The authors have declared no competing interest.

The evolutionary modifications of a GoLoco motif in the AGS protein facilitate micromere formation in the sea urchin embryo

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The Evolutionary Modifications of the AGS Protein's GoLoco Motif Facilitate Micromere Formation in the Sea Urchin Embryo



Sex-biased gene expression evolves extremely fast, with rapid turnover of genes associated with sex-biased expression networks, and high individual variation in sex-related phenotypic characters that often overlap between the sexes.


The phenotypic differences between the sexes are generated by genes with sex-biased expression. These range from a few major regulators to large numbers of organ-specific effector genes in sexually mature individuals. We explore the variation and evolutionary patterns of these genes in a large dataset from natural populations of sub-species and species of mice across an evolutionary distance of 2 million years. Intriguingly, even within these short phylogenetic distances, we find an extremely fast evolutionary turnover of sex-biased gene expression and fast adaptive protein evolution. To capture the individual variances of sex-biased expression, we have developed a sex-biased gene expression index (SBI) that represents the cumulative expression of all sex-biased genes for each individual in each organ. We find that SBI distributions are often overlapping between the sexes and do not correlate between organs, thus defying a simple binary sex distinction for given individuals. Comparison with data from humans shows fewer sex-biased genes in most organs and strongly overlapping SBI distributions between the sexes. We conclude that sex-biased genes are subject to particularly fast evolution, with no long-term stability for male or female expression characteristics and that individual variation in sex-related phenotypic characters is usually overlapping between the sexes.

### Competing Interest Statement

The authors have declared no competing interest.

Fast evolutionary turnover and overlapping variances of sex-biased gene expression patterns defy a simple binary classification of sexes

rapid-evolutionary-turnover-and-overlapping-variances-of-sex-biased-gene-expression-patterns-challenge-the-notion-of-binary-sexes


Rapid Evolutionary Turnover and Overlapping Variances of Sex-Biased Gene Expression Patterns Challenge the Notion of Binary Sexes
