ідея - Computational neuroscience - # Developmental Changes in Brain Structural-Functional Coupling

Spatial and Temporal Patterns of Structure-Function Coupling in the Developing Human Brain Connectome

Q: How do the developmental changes in SC-FC coupling relate to the emergence of higher-order cognitive functions and behavioral flexibility

The developmental changes in structural connectome-functional connectome (SC-FC) coupling play a crucial role in the emergence of higher-order cognitive functions and behavioral flexibility. As the brain matures, there is a significant increase in SC-FC coupling, particularly in regions associated with cognitive functions such as the frontoparietal and default mode networks. This heightened coupling reflects the refinement and optimization of neural circuits, allowing for more efficient information processing and integration across different brain regions. The strengthening of SC-FC coupling is closely linked to the development of cognitive abilities such as general intelligence, fluid intelligence, and crystal intelligence. The frontoparietal network, known for its role in cognitive control and working memory, shows a significant increase in coupling with age, indicating its involvement in the maturation of cognitive functions. Similarly, the default mode network, crucial for self-referential processing and introspection, also exhibits enhanced coupling, suggesting a refinement in introspective and self-aware cognitive processes. Furthermore, the heterogeneous alterations in SC-FC coupling across different cortical regions contribute to the flexibility and adaptability of cognitive functions. The somatomotor, frontoparietal, dorsal attention, and default mode networks show substantial changes in coupling during development, indicating the dynamic reorganization of neural circuits to support diverse cognitive functions. This adaptability in SC-FC coupling allows for the optimization of brain networks to meet the demands of complex cognitive tasks and behavioral flexibility. In summary, the developmental changes in SC-FC coupling are intricately linked to the emergence of higher-order cognitive functions and behavioral flexibility by facilitating efficient information processing, cognitive control, and adaptive responses to environmental stimuli.

Q: What are the potential clinical implications of disrupted SC-FC coupling development for neurodevelopmental disorders

Disrupted development of structural connectome-functional connectome (SC-FC) coupling can have significant clinical implications for neurodevelopmental disorders. Neurodevelopmental disorders, such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and intellectual disabilities, are characterized by atypical brain connectivity patterns and altered neural circuitry. Understanding the role of SC-FC coupling in these disorders can provide insights into their underlying mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets. In neurodevelopmental disorders, abnormalities in SC-FC coupling may lead to deficits in cognitive functions, social interactions, and emotional regulation. For example, in ASD, alterations in SC-FC coupling within the default mode network, a key network for social cognition, may contribute to difficulties in social communication and interaction. Similarly, disruptions in SC-FC coupling in the frontoparietal network, involved in cognitive control and attention, could underlie attentional deficits in ADHD. By studying the developmental trajectories of SC-FC coupling in neurodevelopmental disorders, clinicians and researchers can identify biomarkers for early detection, prognosis, and personalized interventions. Therapeutic approaches targeting the normalization of SC-FC coupling, such as neurofeedback training, cognitive training, or neuromodulation techniques, may help improve cognitive functions and behavioral outcomes in individuals with neurodevelopmental disorders. Overall, understanding the impact of disrupted SC-FC coupling on neurodevelopmental disorders can pave the way for innovative diagnostic tools and targeted interventions to enhance brain connectivity and cognitive functioning in affected individuals.

Q: What are the underlying neurophysiological mechanisms that link the transcriptomic architecture to the heterogeneous development of SC-FC coupling

The transcriptomic architecture plays a crucial role in linking the heterogeneous development of structural connectome-functional connectome (SC-FC) coupling to underlying neurophysiological mechanisms. The gene expression patterns associated with SC-FC coupling development provide insights into the cellular processes and molecular pathways that influence the maturation of brain connectivity and cognitive functions. The positive association between SC-FC coupling development and genes enriched in oligodendrocyte-related pathways suggests a link between myelination processes and the optimization of neural communication. Oligodendrocytes, responsible for myelinating axons and enhancing signal transmission speed, play a vital role in shaping the structural connectivity of the brain. Enhanced myelination, driven by gene expression changes in oligodendrocyte-related pathways, may contribute to the strengthening of SC-FC coupling and the refinement of neural circuits during development. Conversely, the negative correlation between SC-FC coupling development and genes expressed in astrocytes, inhibitory neurons, and microglia highlights the role of synaptic pruning and neural circuit refinement in shaping functional connectivity patterns. Astrocytes and microglia are involved in synaptic maintenance and elimination, while inhibitory neurons regulate the balance of excitation and inhibition in neural networks. Changes in gene expression within these cell types may influence the dynamic adjustments in SC-FC coupling observed during development. Overall, the transcriptomic architecture provides a molecular framework for understanding the cellular mechanisms underlying the heterogeneous development of SC-FC coupling. By elucidating the genetic pathways associated with SC-FC coupling, researchers can uncover novel targets for interventions aimed at optimizing brain connectivity and cognitive functions.

Основні поняття

The spatial and temporal patterns of coupling between structural and functional brain connectivity undergo heterogeneous changes during development, which are associated with cognitive abilities and underlying transcriptomic architecture.

Анотація

The study investigated the spatial and temporal patterns of coupling between structural and functional brain connectivity (SC-FC coupling) during development using multimodal neuroimaging data from 439 participants aged 5.7 to 21.9 years.

Key findings:

SC-FC coupling was strongest in the visual and somatomotor networks, consistent with evolutionary expansion, myelin content, and functional principal gradient.
As development progressed, SC-FC coupling exhibited heterogeneous changes, with significant increases in the somatomotor, frontoparietal, dorsal attention, and default mode networks.
SC-FC coupling significantly predicted individual differences in general intelligence, with the frontoparietal and default mode networks contributing higher predictive weights.
The spatial heterogeneity of changes in SC-FC coupling with age was associated with transcriptomic architectures, with genes positively correlated with SC-FC coupling enriched in oligodendrocyte-related pathways and genes negatively correlated expressed in astrocytes.

These findings characterize the dynamic changes in SC-FC coupling during development and suggest that the heterogeneous development of SC-FC coupling is linked to cognitive abilities and underlying cellular processes.

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Статистика

The study reported the following key statistics:

SC-FC coupling ranged from 0.03 to 0.45 across cortical regions.
Whole-brain average SC-FC coupling increased with age (β = 1.05E-03, F = 3.76, p = 1.93E-04, r = 0.20, p = 3.20E-05).
SC-FC coupling significantly predicted 30-40% of the variance in fluid, crystallized, and general intelligence (p < 0.001, FDR corrected).
Even after controlling for age, SC-FC coupling remained a significant predictor of general intelligence (r = 0.11 ± 0.04, p = 0.01, FDR corrected).

Цитати

"SC-FC coupling was strongest in the visual and somatomotor networks, consistent with evolutionary expansion, myelin content, and functional principal gradient."
"As development progressed, SC-FC coupling exhibited heterogeneous changes, with significant increases in the somatomotor, frontoparietal, dorsal attention, and default mode networks."
"The spatial heterogeneity of changes in SC-FC coupling with age was associated with transcriptomic architectures, with genes positively correlated with SC-FC coupling enriched in oligodendrocyte-related pathways and genes negatively correlated expressed in astrocytes."

Ключові висновки, отримані з

Spatial and temporal pattern of structure-function coupling of human brain connectome with development

by Feng,G., Wan... о www.biorxiv.org 09-12-2023

https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.09.11.557107v4

Глибші Запити

How do the developmental changes in SC-FC coupling relate to the emergence of higher-order cognitive functions and behavioral flexibility

The developmental changes in structural connectome-functional connectome (SC-FC) coupling play a crucial role in the emergence of higher-order cognitive functions and behavioral flexibility. As the brain matures, there is a significant increase in SC-FC coupling, particularly in regions associated with cognitive functions such as the frontoparietal and default mode networks. This heightened coupling reflects the refinement and optimization of neural circuits, allowing for more efficient information processing and integration across different brain regions.
The strengthening of SC-FC coupling is closely linked to the development of cognitive abilities such as general intelligence, fluid intelligence, and crystal intelligence. The frontoparietal network, known for its role in cognitive control and working memory, shows a significant increase in coupling with age, indicating its involvement in the maturation of cognitive functions. Similarly, the default mode network, crucial for self-referential processing and introspection, also exhibits enhanced coupling, suggesting a refinement in introspective and self-aware cognitive processes.
Furthermore, the heterogeneous alterations in SC-FC coupling across different cortical regions contribute to the flexibility and adaptability of cognitive functions. The somatomotor, frontoparietal, dorsal attention, and default mode networks show substantial changes in coupling during development, indicating the dynamic reorganization of neural circuits to support diverse cognitive functions. This adaptability in SC-FC coupling allows for the optimization of brain networks to meet the demands of complex cognitive tasks and behavioral flexibility.
In summary, the developmental changes in SC-FC coupling are intricately linked to the emergence of higher-order cognitive functions and behavioral flexibility by facilitating efficient information processing, cognitive control, and adaptive responses to environmental stimuli.

What are the potential clinical implications of disrupted SC-FC coupling development for neurodevelopmental disorders

Disrupted development of structural connectome-functional connectome (SC-FC) coupling can have significant clinical implications for neurodevelopmental disorders. Neurodevelopmental disorders, such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and intellectual disabilities, are characterized by atypical brain connectivity patterns and altered neural circuitry. Understanding the role of SC-FC coupling in these disorders can provide insights into their underlying mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets.
In neurodevelopmental disorders, abnormalities in SC-FC coupling may lead to deficits in cognitive functions, social interactions, and emotional regulation. For example, in ASD, alterations in SC-FC coupling within the default mode network, a key network for social cognition, may contribute to difficulties in social communication and interaction. Similarly, disruptions in SC-FC coupling in the frontoparietal network, involved in cognitive control and attention, could underlie attentional deficits in ADHD.
By studying the developmental trajectories of SC-FC coupling in neurodevelopmental disorders, clinicians and researchers can identify biomarkers for early detection, prognosis, and personalized interventions. Therapeutic approaches targeting the normalization of SC-FC coupling, such as neurofeedback training, cognitive training, or neuromodulation techniques, may help improve cognitive functions and behavioral outcomes in individuals with neurodevelopmental disorders.
Overall, understanding the impact of disrupted SC-FC coupling on neurodevelopmental disorders can pave the way for innovative diagnostic tools and targeted interventions to enhance brain connectivity and cognitive functioning in affected individuals.

What are the underlying neurophysiological mechanisms that link the transcriptomic architecture to the heterogeneous development of SC-FC coupling

The transcriptomic architecture plays a crucial role in linking the heterogeneous development of structural connectome-functional connectome (SC-FC) coupling to underlying neurophysiological mechanisms. The gene expression patterns associated with SC-FC coupling development provide insights into the cellular processes and molecular pathways that influence the maturation of brain connectivity and cognitive functions.
The positive association between SC-FC coupling development and genes enriched in oligodendrocyte-related pathways suggests a link between myelination processes and the optimization of neural communication. Oligodendrocytes, responsible for myelinating axons and enhancing signal transmission speed, play a vital role in shaping the structural connectivity of the brain. Enhanced myelination, driven by gene expression changes in oligodendrocyte-related pathways, may contribute to the strengthening of SC-FC coupling and the refinement of neural circuits during development.
Conversely, the negative correlation between SC-FC coupling development and genes expressed in astrocytes, inhibitory neurons, and microglia highlights the role of synaptic pruning and neural circuit refinement in shaping functional connectivity patterns. Astrocytes and microglia are involved in synaptic maintenance and elimination, while inhibitory neurons regulate the balance of excitation and inhibition in neural networks. Changes in gene expression within these cell types may influence the dynamic adjustments in SC-FC coupling observed during development.
Overall, the transcriptomic architecture provides a molecular framework for understanding the cellular mechanisms underlying the heterogeneous development of SC-FC coupling. By elucidating the genetic pathways associated with SC-FC coupling, researchers can uncover novel targets for interventions aimed at optimizing brain connectivity and cognitive functions.