
ヨーロッパクロカミキリの発達過程において、脱皮ではなく発達段階の移行時に腸内細菌叢の変化が見られ、母性ケアの有無がこの変化に影響を及ぼすことが明らかになった。


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The ecological success of insects often depends on their association with beneficial microbes. However, insect development involves repeated moults, which can have dramatic effects on their microbial communities. Here, we investigated whether and how moulting affects the microbiome of a hemimetabolous insect, and whether maternal care can modulate these effects. We reared European earwig juveniles with or without mothers and used 16S rRNA metabarcoding to analyse the prokaryotic fraction of the core microbiome of eggs, recently and old moulted individuals at four developmental stages and the resulting adults. The 218 samples obtained showed that the microbiome diversity changed non-linearly during development and that these changes were associated with bacterial biomarkers. Surprisingly, these changes did not occur during moulting, but rather between the beginning and end of certain developmental stages. We also found that access to maternal care affected the microbiome of both juveniles and adults, even when the last contact with mothers was two months before adulthood. Overall, these results provide new insights into our understanding of the (in)stability of the prokaryotic microbiome in hemimetabolous insects and its independence from moult. More generally, they question the role of microbiome acquisition through maternal care in maintaining family life in species where this behaviour is facultative.

### Competing Interest Statement

The authors have declared no competing interest.

Microbiome turnover during offspring development varies with maternal care, but not moult, in a hemimetabolous insect

母性ケアの有無が幼虫の発達過程における腸内細菌叢の変化に及ぼす影響