Advancing Large Language Models as Open-domain Table Reasoners

Khái niệm cốt lõi

OPENTAB, an open-domain table reasoning framework powered by large language models, leverages a table retriever, a SQL coder, and a response reader to effectively handle large-scale tabular data and outperform existing baselines.

Tóm tắt

The paper proposes OPENTAB, an open-domain table reasoning framework powered by large language models (LLMs). The key components of OPENTAB are:

1. Retriever: OPENTAB uses the BM25 algorithm as the table retriever, which is scalable and effective in retrieving relevant tables for a given natural language query.

2. Coder: The CODER module leverages an LLM to generate SQL programs of increasing complexity (basic, intermediate, advanced) to parse the retrieved tables efficiently. This simple-to-complex prompting strategy helps mitigate the challenges LLMs face in directly understanding and processing structured tabular data.

3. Reader: The READER module uses an LLM to formulate the final response based on the SQL execution results, leveraging the broader context information from the CODER module (table schema, sampled rows, generated SQL queries).

OPENTAB also introduces a Generative Reranking & Sequential Reasoning (GRSR) strategy to address the trade-off between retrieval recall and precision in the open-domain setting. GRSR sequentially generates SQLs for the retrieved tables and then reranks them based on query similarity, effectively addressing the hallucination issues of LLMs.

Extensive experiments on open-domain and closed-domain table reasoning tasks show that OPENTAB significantly outperforms baseline methods, achieving up to 21.5% higher accuracy. Ablation studies validate the efficacy of the proposed designs, including the simple-to-complex SQL generation, the ROWSELECTOR, and the GRSR strategy.

Thống kê

OPENTAB outperforms the best baseline by 21.5% higher accuracy under the open-domain top-10 scenario.
On the closed-domain Open-WikiTables dataset, OPENTAB achieves 0.710 accuracy, outperforming the best baseline by 13%.
On the closed-domain WikiTableQuestions dataset, OPENTAB outperforms fine-tuned methods, achieving 0.641 accuracy.

Trích dẫn

"OPENTAB leverages a RETRIEVER to fetch relevant tables, generates programs from a CODER as intermediary reasoning steps, and delegates the final solution to a READER."
"By breaking down the complex reasoning job into programmatic steps, we achieve enhanced accuracy and reliability in open-domain table reasoning."
"The novel generative reranking design leads to more precisely grabbing the core information by mitigating the hallucination issue."

Thông tin chi tiết chính được chắt lọc từ

OpenTab: Advancing Large Language Models as Open-domain Table Reasoners

by Kezhi Kong,J... lúc arxiv.org 04-16-2024

https://arxiv.org/pdf/2402.14361.pdf

Yêu cầu sâu hơn

How can OPENTAB be extended to handle more diverse data types beyond structured tables, such as images, videos, or audio?

To extend OPENTAB to handle more diverse data types beyond structured tables, such as images, videos, or audio, the framework would need to incorporate additional modules and capabilities tailored to processing and analyzing these data types. Here are some ways in which OPENTAB could be extended:

Data Preprocessing Modules: Integrate modules for preprocessing and feature extraction specific to images, videos, or audio data. This could involve using computer vision techniques for images, video processing algorithms for videos, and audio signal processing methods for audio data.

Feature Representation: Develop methods to represent the extracted features from different data types in a format that can be understood by the existing OPENTAB components. This may involve converting visual or auditory information into structured data formats that can be processed by the framework.

Multi-Modal Fusion: Implement mechanisms for integrating information from multiple modalities, such as text, images, videos, and audio, to enable comprehensive reasoning across diverse data types. This could involve fusion techniques to combine information from different sources effectively.

Specialized Reasoning Modules: Create specialized reasoning modules for each data type to handle the unique characteristics and challenges associated with images, videos, and audio. For example, incorporating image recognition models for image data or speech recognition algorithms for audio data.

Training on Multi-Modal Data: Train the model on multi-modal datasets that include a combination of text, images, videos, and audio to enhance its ability to reason across different data types effectively.

By incorporating these enhancements, OPENTAB can evolve into a more versatile framework capable of handling a wide range of data types beyond structured tables.

What are the potential limitations of the SQL-based reasoning approach, and how could it be further improved to handle more complex logical reasoning tasks?

Limitations of SQL-based Reasoning Approach:

Limited Expressiveness: SQL may not be able to capture complex logical reasoning tasks that require advanced operations beyond standard database queries.

Dependency on Data Structure: SQL-based approaches are heavily reliant on the structure and schema of the data, making them less flexible for tasks involving unstructured or semi-structured data.

Difficulty in Handling Ambiguity: SQL queries may struggle with handling ambiguous or vague queries that require contextual understanding or domain knowledge.

Improvements for Handling Complex Logical Reasoning Tasks:

Integration of Logical Reasoning Modules: Incorporate specialized logical reasoning modules that can handle complex logical operations and inferential reasoning beyond the capabilities of SQL.

Natural Language Understanding: Enhance the framework with natural language understanding capabilities to interpret and process more nuanced and context-dependent queries.

Knowledge Graph Integration: Integrate knowledge graphs to capture complex relationships and dependencies between entities, enabling more sophisticated reasoning capabilities.

Machine Learning Models: Combine SQL-based reasoning with machine learning models to leverage the strengths of both approaches for handling complex logical tasks.

Incremental Learning: Implement mechanisms for incremental learning to adapt and improve the reasoning capabilities over time based on feedback and new data.

By addressing these limitations and incorporating these improvements, the SQL-based reasoning approach can be enhanced to handle more complex logical reasoning tasks effectively.

Given the success of OPENTAB in open-domain table reasoning, how could the framework be adapted to tackle other open-domain knowledge-intensive tasks, such as open-domain question answering or fact checking?

To adapt the OPENTAB framework for other open-domain knowledge-intensive tasks like open-domain question answering or fact checking, several modifications and enhancements can be implemented:

Task-Specific Modules: Develop task-specific modules for question answering and fact checking that are tailored to the requirements and nuances of these tasks.

Dataset Adaptation: Fine-tune the model on datasets specific to question answering and fact checking to improve performance on these tasks.

Natural Language Understanding: Enhance the natural language understanding capabilities of the framework to better comprehend and process diverse queries and statements.

Evidence Retrieval Mechanisms: Implement mechanisms for retrieving relevant evidence from a large corpus of data to support the reasoning process for question answering and fact checking tasks.

Fact Verification Modules: Integrate modules for verifying the accuracy and credibility of information extracted from tables or external sources for fact checking tasks.

Multi-Modal Integration: Extend the framework to handle multi-modal data sources for tasks that require analysis of text, images, videos, and audio for comprehensive knowledge reasoning.

By incorporating these adaptations and enhancements, OPENTAB can be transformed into a versatile framework capable of addressing a wide range of open-domain knowledge-intensive tasks beyond table reasoning.