
Older age, male sex, and seropositivity are associated with a higher risk for the usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) subtype of rheumatoid arthritis-associated interstitial lung disease (RA-ILD), while only seropositivity is linked to the nonspecific interstitial pneumonia (NSIP) subtype.


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Individuals who were men, seropositive, and smokers had a 7seven times higher risk for RA-UIP, the ILD subtype with a poor prognosis, than those without these risk factors.

RA Lung Disease Subtypes Have Distinct Risk Factor Profiles

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Risk Factors for Different Rheumatoid Arthritis-Associated Interstitial Lung Disease Subtypes Identified
