
포식자와 피식자 간의 지속적인 공진화로 인해 생태계에서 관찰되는 다양한 동적 복잡성이 발생한다. 이 모델은 안정적인 주기적 행동, 혼돈적 행동, 초장기 천이 현상, 체제 전환 등을 포함하고 있어 실제 생태계의 복잡성을 잘 반영한다.


coremsg

장기-천이-현상을-보이는-단순한-포식자-피식자-모델


장기 천이 현상을 보이는 단순한 포식자-피식자 모델


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다양한 군집 내에서 우세 종과 평등한 종 구성 사이의 전환이 존재한다. 이는 환경 변동성과 이민율의 영향에 따라 결정된다.


다양한-군집에서의-우세에서-평등으로의-전환


다양한 군집에서의 우세에서 평등으로의 전환



다양한 크기의 분해자들이 강수량에 대해 상반된 반응을 보이지만, 이로 인해 전체적인 분해율은 유사하게 유지된다.


Litter decomposition is expected to be positively associated with precipitation despite evidence that decomposers of varying sizes have different moisture dependencies. We hypothesized that higher tolerance of macro-decomposers to aridity may counterbalance the effect of smaller decomposers, leading to similar decomposition rates across climatic gradients. We tested this hypothesis by placing plant litter baskets of different mesh sizes in seven sites along a sharp precipitation gradient, and by characterizing the macro-decomposer assemblages using pitfall trapping. We found that decomposers responded differently to precipitation levels based on their size. Microbial decomposition increased with precipitation in the winter while macro-decomposition peaked in arid sites during the summer. This led to similar overall decomposition rates across the gradient except in hyper-arid sites. Macro-decomposer richness, abundance and biomass peaked in arid environments. Our findings highlight the importance of macro-decomposition in arid-lands, possibly resolving the dryland decomposition conundrum, and emphasizing the need to contemplate decomposer size when investigating zoogeochemical processes.

### Competing Interest Statement

The authors have declared no competing interest.

Contrasting responses to aridity by different-sized decomposers cause similar decomposition rates across a precipitation gradient

강수량-구배를-따른-다양한-크기의-분해자의-상반된-반응이-유사한-분해율을-야기하다


강수량 구배를 따른 다양한 크기의 분해자의 상반된 반응이 유사한 분해율을 야기하다



기후 변화로 인한 빙하 후퇴는 새로운 생태계 발달을 야기하며, 이는 토양 특성, 미기후, 생산성 및 생물 다양성의 변화를 통해 확인할 수 있다.


Across 46 proglacial landscapes worldwide, environmental properties and biodiversity have&nbsp;shown complex patterns of change&nbsp;since glaciers retreated.

The development of terrestrial ecosystems emerging after glacier retreat - Nature

후퇴하는-빙하-이후-발달하는-육상-생태계의-개발


후퇴하는 빙하 이후 발달하는 육상 생태계의 개발



산림 황폐화 수준에 따라 생물다양성 보존 가능성이 달라진다.


Framework to assess the conservation value of logged tropical forests.

Forest-degradation thresholds shape tropical biodiversity

열대-생물다양성을-보존하기-위한-산림-황폐화-임계점-분석


열대 생물다양성을 보존하기 위한 산림 황폐화 임계점 분석



기후 온난화로 인한 조류 군집 구성의 장기적인 변화는 서식지 파편화에 의해 매개되며, 이는 온난 적응종의 증가와 한랭 적응종의 감소를 통해 나타난다.


Climatic warming can shift community composition driven by the colonization-extinction dynamics of species with different thermal preferences; but simultaneously, habitat fragmentation can mediate species’ responses to warming. As this potential interactive effect has proven difficult to test empirically, we collected data on birds over 10 years of climate warming in a reservoir subtropical island system that was formed 65 years ago. We investigated how the mechanisms underlying climate-driven directional change in community composition were mediated by habitat fragmentation. We found thermophilization driven by increasing warm-adapted species and decreasing cold-adapted species in terms of trends in colonization rate, extinction rate, occupancy rate and population size. Critically, colonization rates of warm-adapted species increased faster temporally on smaller or less isolated islands; cold-adapted species generally were lost more quickly temporally on closer islands. This provides support for dispersal limitation and microclimate buffering as primary proxies by which habitat fragmentation mediates species range shift. Overall, this study advances our understanding of biodiversity responses to interacting global change drivers.

### Competing Interest Statement

The authors have declared no competing interest.

Habitat fragmentation mediates the mechanisms underlying long-term climate-driven thermophilization in birds

기후-변화와-서식지-파편화가-조류의-장기적인-온난화-메커니즘에-미치는-영향


기후 변화와 서식지 파편화가 조류의 장기적인 온난화 메커니즘에 미치는 영향



아마존 열대 우림은 가뭄에 대한 회복력과 취약성을 보이며, 이는 수분 가용성과 토양 비옥도에 따라 다르게 나타난다.


Drought response is structured by water-table depth in higher-fertility Southern Amazonia, whereas lower-fertility Northern Amazonia supports more-drought-resilient forests independent of water-table depth.

Amazon forest biogeography predicts resilience and vulnerability to drought - Nature

아마존-열대-우림의-생물지리학이-가뭄에-대한-회복력과-취약성을-예측한다


아마존 열대 우림의 생물지리학이 가뭄에 대한 회복력과 취약성을 예측한다



새들의 번식기 외 이동 행동 양상인 '폭스트롯 이동'과 '동적 번식기 외 서식지'의 중요성을 강조한다.


Advancements in tracking technologies have revolutionized our understanding of bird migrations, revealing a diverse array of migratory behaviors. We propose a new pattern of migratory behavior termed ‘foxtrot migration,’ characterized by alternating quick and slow phases during the non-breeding period. This behavior involves directional and continuous movements, distinct from traditional seasonal itinerancy or forage-on-fly migration. Using the Rough-legged buzzard as a model species, we confirmed the presence of foxtrot migration and ‘dynamic non-breeding ranges’, driven by environmental factors such as snow cover dynamics. We advocate for accurate representation of dynamic ranges on maps and emphasize the need to consider range dynamics when assessing species conservation status. Our findings underscore the importance of understanding complex migratory behaviors in the face of environmental change, facilitated by advancements in tracking technologies. This knowledge is crucial for effective conservation strategies amid ongoing global environmental challenges.

### Competing Interest Statement

The authors have declared no competing interest.

Quick-quick-slow: the foxtrot migration and dynamic non-breeding range

인간-활동-시대에-새들의-개체군-보전-번식기-외-이동의-중요성


인간 활동 시대에 새들의 개체군 보전: 번식기 외 이동의 중요성



산호초는 식물이 아니며 흰색도 아니다. 산호초는 폴립 군락을 형성하는 해양 무척추동물이다. 산호초는 생존 위기에 처하면 마지막 구조 신호를 보내지만, 이를 무시하면 거대한 묘지로 변하게 된다.


The widest-ever global coral bleaching is underway, and there is only one way to save them

Corals Send an Ultimate SOS Before Turning into a Massive Graveyard

산호초가-거대한-묘지로-변하기-전에-보내는-최후의-구조-신호


산호초가 거대한 묘지로 변하기 전에 보내는 최후의 구조 신호



대형 포식자 사체 풍부성의 변화가 선택적 포식자인 하이에나와 그 먹이 개체군 동태에 큰 영향을 미치지 않는다.


The interplay between facultative scavenging and predation has gained interest in the last decade. The prevalence of scavenging induced by the availability of large carcasses may modify predator density or behaviour, potentially affecting prey. In contrast to behavioural mechanisms through which scavenging affects predation, the demographic effects of facultative scavenging on predator and prey populations remain poorly studied. We used the semi-natural experimental opportunity in Hwange National Park, Zimbabwe, where contrasted management measures (culling and artificial supply of water) have led to fluctuations in elephant carrion abundance, to identify the consequences of facultative scavenging on the population dynamics of a large mammalian carnivore, the spotted hyaena ( Crocuta crocuta ), and its prey. Using a 50-year dataset and Multivariate Autoregressive State Space models, we estimated hyaena and prey densities over four periods contrasted in elephant carrion availability due to management practices. Models that allow hyaena and their prey populations’ growth rate to vary depending on these four periods contributed significantly to explain variations in their density, which is consistent with an effect of management measures on the population dynamics of hyaena and its prey. Although our results support a predominant role of bottom-up mechanisms, whereby hyaena density is driven by herbivore density, itself driven by resources availability, some subtle patterns of densities could be interpreted as consequences of changes in predation pressure following changes in scavenging opportunities. We discuss why signals of prey and predator population dynamics decoupling are less likely to be observed in systems with a high diversity of prey, such as African savannas, and why inputs of mega-carcasses as pulsed resources hardly impacted top-down relationships in the long run. This study represents a first investigation of the long-term effects of carrion pulses, whose frequency may increase with climate changes, on the classical predator-prey coupling for large mammals.

### Competing Interest Statement

The authors have declared no competing interest.

Insights on the effect of mega-carcass abundance on the population dynamics of a facultative scavenger predator and its prey

대형-포식자-사체-풍부성이-선택적-포식자-포식자와-그-먹이의-개체군-동태에-큰-영향을-미치지-않는다


대형 포식자 사체 풍부성이 선택적 포식자 포식자와 그 먹이의 개체군 동태에 큰 영향을 미치지 않는다
